Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Internal medicine > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of sterile pyuria

A

Viruses, tuberculosis, nephritic syndrome and kawasaki disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of ketonuria/ketonemia

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Euglycemic ketoacidosis(SGLT2)
Starvation ketosis
Keto diet(low carb)
IEMs(rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The gaps caused by ethylene glycol

A
  1. HAGMA
  2. High serum osmolarity gap
  3. Lactate gap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key investigation in NAGMA

A

ABG and urine pH tro RTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Key investigation in HAGMA

A

Albumin?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of mixed HAGMA and NAGMA

A

Pancreatitis?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common cause of hyponatremia

A

Thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Serum osmolarity is a surrogate for?

A

ADH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Criteria for SIADH

A

Decreased serum osmo
Clinical euvolemic
Urine osm >100
Urine Na >40
Normal thyroid and adrenal fn
Normal renal fn
No diuretic use
No acid base or potassium abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of pseudohyponatremia

A

High lipids
Myeloma
IVIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What to check in hypernatremia

A

Water deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ABCDE of CKD Cx

A

Anemia
Blood pressure:HTN
Calcium and BMD
Decompensation : Uremia
Electrolytes and Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Triad of acute interstitial Nephritis

A

Fever, rash, serum eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Triad of acute interstitial Nephritis

A

Fever, rash, serum eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 forms of Renal Replacement Therapy

A
  1. Peritoneal dialysis
  2. Hemodialysis
  3. Renal transplant
  4. Renal supportive care(palliative)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common cause of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

A

Shiga toxin of EHEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Triad of HUS

A

MAHA, thrombocytopenia and AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stain for amyloidosis(monoclonal gammopathy)

A

Congo red

19
Q

Common Cx of Peritoneal Dialysis

A

Hypokalemia due to lack of K in PD UF

20
Q

Type A vs Type B lactic acidosis

A

A is in the presence of hypoxia and hypoperfusion eg sepsis

B is in absence of hypoxia eg liver disease and reduced clearance of lactate

21
Q

Calculation of serum osmolarity

A

(Na x2 ) + glucose + urea(for non hyperglycemic emergencies)

22
Q

Triad of PD peritonitis

A

1) Abdo pain/ cloudy effluent
2) PD effluent cell count NC >100 (>50% neutrophilia/left shift)
3) Positive effluent culture

23
Q

Mx of PD peritonitis

A

Intraperitoneal Cefazolin + Gentamicin
IP vancomycin + gentamicin if MRSA pt
IV abx if bactermic/septic

24
Q
A
25
Q

Adrenal medulla produces

A

Catecholamines

26
Q

Adrenal Zona Glomerulosa produces

A

Aldosterone(mineralocorticoid)

27
Q

Adrenal Zona fasciculata produces

A

Cortisol
?

28
Q

Adrenal Zona Reticularis produces

A

Androgens

29
Q

Endocrine causes of Secondary HTN and hypoK

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism
Cushings syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Hyperthyroidism

30
Q

Test for primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Salt loading test showing unsuppressible aldosterone

31
Q

Screening test for pheochromocytoma

A

Urinary metanephrines(produced in adrenals unlike catecholamines)

32
Q

Treatment of HypoNa, HyperK and Metabolic acidosis in stable pt

A

Sodium bicarbonate

IV furosemide if hypertensive emergency

33
Q

Types of Glomerulonephritis that cause low C3 levels

A

Lupus Nephritis and post infectious GN

34
Q

Causes of hypokalemia, alkalosis and hypertension

A

1) Conn syndrome
2) Cushing syndrome
3) Liddle syndrome(renal tubulopathy)

35
Q

Specific Mx of intermittent claudication

A
  1. Exercise therapy
  2. Pharm
    -antiplatelet
    -antiHTN
    -prostaglandin
36
Q

Investigation that will detect minimal change disease

A

Electron microscopy

37
Q

Cause of hypokalemia with metabolic acidosis

A

Renal Tubular acidosis

38
Q

Labs to confirm Conn’s syndrome

A

Renal panel - hypokalemia
ABG - metabolic alkalosis
Aldosterone/renin ratio: high
Adrenal vein sampling
Salt loading test
Urine: ?

39
Q

Labs to conform pheochromocytoma

A

Urine metanephrines
Serum metanephrines(paired)

-patient has to avoid catecholamine containing foods

40
Q
A
41
Q

Target Hb for patients with hemoglobin

A

13

42
Q

Hall mark for kidney biopsy in SLE

A

Full house staining pattern with diffuse granular immune complex deposition

43
Q

Most common type of lupus nephritis

A

Class 4

Internal medicine (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions