Renal + Hepatic VHA Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

reabsorption

A

refers to tubule to blood direction

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2
Q

secretion

A

refers to blood to tubule direction

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3
Q

Which arteriole goes towards the glomerulus?

A

afferent arteriole

brings blood to the glomerulus

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4
Q

fluid flow through nephron tubules (4)

A

1) proximal tubule

2) loop of henle

3) distal tubule

4) collecting duct

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5
Q

What epithelial lines Bowman’s capsule?

A

simpel squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Bowman’s space

A

between glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

How can you determine vascular pole?

A

there should 2 two arterioles

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8
Q

Where are proximal tubules found?

A

more near the urinary tract

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9
Q

What covers the glomerular capillary bed?

A

visceral epithelium of podocytes

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10
Q

How do podocytes form a barrier?

A

1) chemical barrier due to high negative charge

2) basement membrane forms physical barrier

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11
Q

Fenestrations

A

small openings in the capillary walls that prevent blood from getting into filtrate

ex: in hematuria there is a problem since blood is passing through

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12
Q

where is podocyte on stain?

A

looks like a cell around Bowman’s space

can see the nuclei of the cell

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13
Q

macula densa cells

A

associated with the distal tubule

secrete renin

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14
Q

What distinguishes a proximal tubule?

A

proximal tubule has brush border and is thicker

*thicker for more surface area for bulk reabsorption

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15
Q

Do tubules and bowman’s space contain filtrate?

A

yes to both

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16
Q

Where are mesangial cells?

A

by distal tubules and vascular pole

17
Q

which cells comprise the majority of the glomerular filtration barrier?

18
Q

Cortex vs. medulla location

A

cortex lies outside the medulla

19
Q

Are there collecting ducts in the cortex?

20
Q

does fluid flow from glomeruli to distal tubule?

A

yes! fluid flows from glomeruli to tubules in general

21
Q

dual blood supply of the liver

A

1) 25% of oxygenated blood from hepatic artery

2) 75% deoxygenated blood from portal vein (via GI)

22
Q

portal triad

A

hepatic artery

portal vein

bile duct

*branches of these throughout the liver

23
Q

flow of blood through the liver

A

blood flows from the hepatic artery / portal vein toward the central vein

24
Q

what does central vein look like in histology?

A

really just looks like a white opening with some sinusoids flowing towards it

25
what type of epithelium surrounds blood vessels?
simple squamous
26
what do hepatocytes normally look like?
highly eosinophilic normally have a homogenous distribution
27
do liver cells have lots of connective tissue / stroma?
no ducts do not have much stroma at all
28
signs of fatty liver disease
hepatocyte injury and fat droplets
29
fibrosis in liver
development of connective tissue known as cirrhosis
30
macrophages in liver
known as Kupffer cells often highly died, discrete regions
31
flow of bile through liver
moves from in to out since bile is synthesized by liver but has to go to the gallbladder *opposite of blood flow
32
bile canaliculi
bile first secreted into these small canals before going to larger bile ducts separated from sinusoids by tight junctions special stain needed to view
33
are binucleated cells normal in the liver?
yes
34
duct epithelial
columnar cells line
35
where do you see pathology first in liver?
see by the central vein since blood flow reaches there last