Renal part 1

Question 1

Functions of the kidney: Excretion of waste by making _____________

Answer 1

urine

Question 2

Function of kidney: Regulation of blood ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, regulation of ________ and blood pressure; production of _______________,maintenance of blood osmolarity, regulation of blood glucose

Answer 2

regulation of blood volume, production of hormone

Question 3

Function of kidney

Filtration–>_________________—> Excretion

Answer 3

Reabsorption/Secretion

Question 4

Urine formation:
Nitrogenous wastes

Urea, _________ from the deamination of amino acids

Answer 4

Ammonia

Question 5

Nitrogenous waste

____________ from the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the muscle

Answer 5

Creatinine

Question 6

Nitrogenous waste
__________ from the catabolsim of nucleic acids

Answer 6

Uric acid

Question 7

Urine formation Nitrogenous wastes
Foreign substances (_________, environmental toxins)

Answer 7

drugs

Question 8

Urea,ammonia, creatinine, uric acid is waste that is excereted in the kidney through urine (Think UUAC as mnemonic device)

Question 9

Hydrophilic waste will be excreted in _________

Answer 9

urine

Question 10

Lipophilic waste will be excreted in feces

Question 11

Kidneys regulation blood ionic composition

Control blood ion levels by adjusting the __________of ions in urine

Sodium ions (Na+)
Potassium ions (K+)
Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Chloride ions (Cl-)
Phosphate ions (HPO2-4)
Bicarbonate ions

Answer 11

excretion

Question 12

How do we regulate blood pH? By bicarbonate we need proton through the urine we can excrete proton

Question 13

Regulation of blood pH
-Excrete a variable amount of ____________ into the urine

Answer 13

hydrogen ions

Question 14

Regulation of blood pH
Conserve ____________ (HCO3-) an important buffer of H+ in the blood

Answer 14

bicarboante ions

Question 15

Regulatin of Blood pH

_________ regulation

Answer 15

NH4+

Question 16

NH4+ is a ammonium ion and its positively charged and this is ________

Answer 16

acidic

Question 17

Ammonia is _______

Answer 17

Basic

Question 18

If blood volume increases what will happen in terms of blood pressure? We will have more __________

Answer 18

pressure

Question 19

Regulation of blood volume
Adjust blood volume by conserving or eliminating _______ in the urine

Answer 19

water

Question 20

An increase in blood volume increases blood pressure

Question 21

A decrease in blood volume decreases blood pressure

Question 22

Regulatin of Blood pressure
by secreting the enzyme ________

Answer 22

renin

Question 23

RAAS stands for what?

Answer 23

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 24

By increasing renin within our body it will lead to?

Answer 24

increase in blood pressure

Question 25

If our body sense sodium deficiency macula densa cells will give signal to ____________ to release renin.

From kidney renin will release and converts angiotensinogen (which is produced in the liver) into angiotensin I

In the lungs we have an enzyme called _______ (Angiotensin-converting enzyme)

ACE will convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II is the active form

Angiotensin II will go to adrenal gland and Angiotensin II will stimulate release of aldosterone

Aldosterone will go to the kidneys and it will maintain the sodium. Water follows sodium by driving those sodium in the kidney and it will keep more sodium in the body and we will retain more water in the body and more water in our body then blood pressure will increase

Answer 25

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 26

Sodium is attracted to water

Question 27

Kidney produces hormones such as _______(active form of vitamin D), and ________(production of RBCs)

Answer 27

calcitriol

Erythropoietin

Question 28

Activation of Vitamin D will take place where?

Answer 28

the kidney

Question 29

Calcitriol and erythropoietin are produced in the kidney :)

Question 30

What is another name for ADH?

Answer 30

antidiuretic hormone