Renal path

Question 2

What does immunofluorescence microscopy show in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

Answer 2

granular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in the mesanguim and basement membranes

Question 3

When does BPH and its symptoms typically present?

Answer 3

>50-60

If a young man is presenting with bladder incontinence, don’t put it at the top of your differential

Question 4

What amino acid is metabolized via the kidney to help create a buffer for blood?

Answer 4

Glutamine

The ammonia buffer system metabolizes glutamine –> NH4+ and HCO3-

HCO3- is transported into the blood as a buffer and NH4+ is transported into the renal tubule

Question 5

What happens to GFR if glomerular hydrostatic pressure increases? Decreases? If capsular hydrostatic pressure increases? Decreases?

Answer 5

gHP increases –> increase GFR

gHP decreases –> decrease GFR

bHP increases (urinary obstruction) –> decrease GFR

bHP decreases –> increase GFR

Question 6

What is Filtration Fraction (FF)?

Answer 6

the portion of renal plasma flow that is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s space

Glomerular Filtration Rate:Renal Plasma Flow ratio (GFR:RPF)

Question 7

How is Filtration Fraction changed when GFR increases? Decreases? When renal plasma flow increases? Decreases?

Answer 7

FF = GFR/RPF

increase GFR –> Increase FF

decrase GFR –> decrease FF

increase RPF –> decrease FF

decrease RPF –> increase FF

Question 8

What substance can be used to determine renal plasma flow?

Answer 8

para-aminohippuric acid (it is MOSTLY SECRETED into the tubules)

use it in the UV/P equation to determine RBF

Question 9

Where is the most COMMON site of obstruction for unilateral hydronephrosis in children? what is the embryonic origin?

Answer 9

uretopelvic junction (UPJ)

Uteric bud

[see kid in fire truck with #1 finger in sketchy]

Question 10

What is Potter sequence?

Answer 10

Potter sequence occurs when a urinary tract anomoly occurs. This leads to anuria/oliguria in utero leading to oligohydramnios. Oligohydramnios causes clubbed feet and abnromal facial features due to compression of the fetus via the amniotic sac. In addition, there is pulmoanry hypoplasia because the fetus cannot drink the amniotic fluid (not enough)