Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > RENAL PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

RENAL FUNCTIONS

A

a. renal blood flow
b. glomerular filtration
c. tubular reabsorption
d. tubular secretion
e. Erythropoietin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many nephrons each kidney?

A

1-1.5 millions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic structural unit of the kidney

A

NEPHRON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two types of nephron and their functions

A

1) Cortical nephrons - removal of waste and reabsorption of nutrients; 85% of nephron

2) Juxtamedullary nephrons - concentration of urine; have longer hoops of Henle; 15% of nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood flow in KIDNEY

A

Afferent arteriole –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kidney receives how much/many of blood?

A

20-25% of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This surrounds the proximal and distal convoluted tubule

A

Peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vasa recta is located at?

A

Located at the adjacent of ascending and descending loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where loop of Henle is located

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is where urine formation begins

A

GLOMERULUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many coils of capillary lobes does glomerulus have?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Forms the beginning of the renal tubule

A

Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Glomerular filtration barriers are SELECTIVE filter

A

False; it is non-selective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three glomerular filtration barriers?

A

1) Capillary wall membrane
2) Basement membrane
3) Visceral epithelium of Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the glomerulus, this are foot like processes that has _____________ that repels negative charged protein

A

PODOCYTES; Shield of negativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Specific gravity of plasma filtrate

A

1.010

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Factors influencing glomerular filtration

A

a) Structure of capillary walls and Bowman’s capsule
b) Hydrostatic and oncotic pressure
c) Feedback mechanism of RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

18
Q

Explain the RAAS; how does it work?

A

Low Na+ –> Decrease H2O retention –> Decrease Blood volume –> Decrease BP –> Macula densa sense changes in BP
–> Juxtaglomerular cells produce and secrete RENIN (enzyme and Hormone) -> Renin + Angiotensinogen –>
Angiotensin I + Angiotensin converting enzyme (In the alveoli of the lungs) –> Angiotensin II, which will:

Angiotensin 2 will
- Dilate afferent arteriole and constrict efferent arteriole
- Triggers the release of ALDOSTERONE and ADH (Antidiuretic hormone).

19
Q

What is the role of aldosterone and ADH in RAAS?

A

ALDOSTERONE - For retention/reabsorption of sodium
ADH - Retention of water

20
Q

GFR: <15 mL/min
what is the stage and description that is according to the systematic classification of chronic kidney disease?

A

Stage 5; kidney failure

21
Q

Proximal convoluted tubules has columnar cells with ____________ border

A

Brush border

22
Q

PCT reabsorbs ….

A

Bicarbonate
Urea
Uric acid
Water
Glucose
Salt
Calcium
Phosphate
Protein

23
Q

This mechanism uses ATP, movement of substance against a gradient

A

active transport

24
Q

In active transport, where does Na+ is reabsorbed?

A

PCT & DCT

25
Q

In active transport, give the other substances and their location where they are reabsorbed

A

Glucose, amino acid, NaCl - PCT
Chloride - ascending loop of Henle

26
Q

Movement of substance as a result of differences in concentration

A

passive transport

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
H2O is reabsorbed in all parts except descending loop of Henle

A

FALSE
it should be ascending loop of Henle

28
Q

What is the glucose renal threshold and its average?

A

160-180 mg/dL
ave: 170 mg/dL

29
Q

Give the sodium threshold

A

120 mmol/L

30
Q

Give the threshold substances

A

NaCl
amino acids
creatine
ascorbic acid

31
Q

Tubular concentration begins in the

A

descending and ascending loop of Henle

32
Q

Maintains the osmotic gradient of the medulla

A

Countercurrent mechanism

33
Q

Distal convoluted tubule secretes this substance to make the urine acid

A

NH3 Ammonia

34
Q

This is where the final adjustment of the urinary composition

A

Distal convoluted tubule

35
Q

It regulates the final urine concentration by controlling tubular permeability

A

Antidiuretic hormone/ADH

36
Q

Explain what happens when there is LOW and HIGH BODY HYDRATION

A

Low body hydration –> Present ADH - CD is permeable to water –> low urine volume (Oliguria)

High body hydration –> Absent ADH - CD is impermeable to water –> high urine volume (Polyuria)

37
Q

Factors that suppresses Antidiuretic hormone

A

Caffeine
Alcohol
Diuretics

38
Q

In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, there is

A

There is ADH resistance

39
Q

In neurogenic diabetes insipidus, there is

A

There is LOW ADH

40
Q
A
41
Q
A

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions