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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > URINALYSIS > Flashcards

URINALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

The one who is responsible for quantitating urine sediments

A

Thomas Addis

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2
Q

What are the inorganic compounds found in urine?

A

Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Sulfate
Phosphate
Ammonium

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3
Q

Urea comes from what

A

protein and amino acids metabolism

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4
Q

Constituents that indicate that a fluid is URINE

A

Urea and Creatinine

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5
Q

Factors that influence urine concentration

A

Physical activity
Water
Diet
Disease
Endocrine
Body position

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6
Q

Factors that influence urine volume

A

fluid intake
fluid loss from nonrenal sources
antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

Normal urine daily output

A

600-2000 mL/day

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8
Q

Urine is <400mL/day

A

Oliguria

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9
Q

Causes of Oliguria

A

Dehydration
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Severe perspiration
Burns
Renal obstruction

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10
Q

Complete cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

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11
Q

Increase urine at night

A

Nocturia

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12
Q

Disease/cause associated that can cause nocturia

A

Pregnancy
Bladder stone
Prostate enlargement

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13
Q

Urine volume is greater than 2500 mL/day

A

Polyuria

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14
Q

Polyuria and polydipsia are often the 1st symptom of either ___________

A

Diabetes mellitus or Diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

What tubes are used for sediment analysis?

A

tubes with conical bottoms

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16
Q

Needed specimen volume for Urinalysis

A

12 mL

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17
Q

Before rejecting or reporting a urine specimen, what should you do first?

A

Report first to the supervisor

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18
Q

Handling and testing of urine should be done within ——

A

2 hours

19
Q

The following parameters are increased when the urine is unpreserved

A

Bacteria
pH
Odor
Nitrite

20
Q

These parameters will disintegrate in an alkaline urine

A

RBC/WBC and casts

21
Q

Least affected parameter in unpreserved urine

A

Protein

22
Q

Temperature required in refrigeration for preserving the urine

A

2-8’C

23
Q

This chemical preservative is excellent for preservation of sediment

A

Formalin

24
Q

Boric acid is for

A

preventing bacterial growth and metabolism

25
Q

Good preservative for drug analyses

A

Sodium fluoride

26
Q

A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using:

a) boric acid
b) chloroform
c) refrigeration
d) formalin

A

c) Refrigeration

27
Q

If a routine urinalysis and a culture are requested on a catheterized specimen, then:
A. Two separate containers must be collected
B. The routine urinalysis is performed first
C. The patient must be recatheterized
D. The culture is performed first

A

D.) The culture is performed first

28
Q

Type of urine specimen for obvious abnormalities and for routine screening test

A

Random specimen

29
Q

Pregnancy and orthostatic proteinuria are medical conditions seen in what type of urine specimen

A

1st morning urine

30
Q

In 24 hour urine specimen, what test is read here?

A

Quantitative chemical tests

31
Q

In 24 hour urine specimen, procedure must begin and end the collection period with an ______________

A

empty bladder

32
Q

Preservative used for Addis count

A

Formalin

33
Q

Instrument used for Addis count

A

Hemacytometer

34
Q

Type of collection for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis

A

Midstream clean catch

35
Q

Most sterile type of collection for bacterial culture

A

Suprapubic aspiration

36
Q

Explain the 3 Glass collection for prostatitis specimen

A

1st urine passed, next is midstream (used as a control), last is remaining urine with prostate fluid

37
Q

5 hour urine is for

A

D-xylose absorption

38
Q

Procedure used for drug screening

A

Thin Layer Chromatography

39
Q

Procedure used for drug confirmatory

A

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry

40
Q

This is the process that provides this (it should be “the”) documentation of proper sample ID from the time of collection
to the receipt of lab results. All handling personnel is noted.

A

Chain of Custody

41
Q

Urine volume for drug testing

A

30-45 mL

42
Q

4 glass method for prostatitis infection or also known as

A

Stamey-Mears

43
Q
A

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (4 decks)

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