URINALYSIS Flashcards
The one who is responsible for quantitating urine sediments
Thomas Addis
What are the inorganic compounds found in urine?
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Sulfate
Phosphate
Ammonium
Urea comes from what
protein and amino acids metabolism
Constituents that indicate that a fluid is URINE
Urea and Creatinine
Factors that influence urine concentration
Physical activity
Water
Diet
Disease
Endocrine
Body position
Factors that influence urine volume
fluid intake
fluid loss from nonrenal sources
antidiuretic hormone
Normal urine daily output
600-2000 mL/day
Urine is <400mL/day
Oliguria
Causes of Oliguria
Dehydration
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Severe perspiration
Burns
Renal obstruction
Complete cessation of urine flow
Anuria
Increase urine at night
Nocturia
Disease/cause associated that can cause nocturia
Pregnancy
Bladder stone
Prostate enlargement
Urine volume is greater than 2500 mL/day
Polyuria
Polyuria and polydipsia are often the 1st symptom of either ___________
Diabetes mellitus or Diabetes insipidus
What tubes are used for sediment analysis?
tubes with conical bottoms
Needed specimen volume for Urinalysis
12 mL
Before rejecting or reporting a urine specimen, what should you do first?
Report first to the supervisor
Handling and testing of urine should be done within ——
2 hours
The following parameters are increased when the urine is unpreserved
Bacteria
pH
Odor
Nitrite
These parameters will disintegrate in an alkaline urine
RBC/WBC and casts
Least affected parameter in unpreserved urine
Protein
Temperature required in refrigeration for preserving the urine
2-8’C
This chemical preservative is excellent for preservation of sediment
Formalin
Boric acid is for
preventing bacterial growth and metabolism
Good preservative for drug analyses
Sodium fluoride
A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using:
a) boric acid
b) chloroform
c) refrigeration
d) formalin
c) Refrigeration
If a routine urinalysis and a culture are requested on a catheterized specimen, then:
A. Two separate containers must be collected
B. The routine urinalysis is performed first
C. The patient must be recatheterized
D. The culture is performed first
D.) The culture is performed first
Type of urine specimen for obvious abnormalities and for routine screening test
Random specimen
Pregnancy and orthostatic proteinuria are medical conditions seen in what type of urine specimen
1st morning urine
In 24 hour urine specimen, what test is read here?
Quantitative chemical tests
In 24 hour urine specimen, procedure must begin and end the collection period with an ______________
empty bladder
Preservative used for Addis count
Formalin
Instrument used for Addis count
Hemacytometer
Type of collection for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis
Midstream clean catch
Most sterile type of collection for bacterial culture
Suprapubic aspiration
Explain the 3 Glass collection for prostatitis specimen
1st urine passed, next is midstream (used as a control), last is remaining urine with prostate fluid
5 hour urine is for
D-xylose absorption
Procedure used for drug screening
Thin Layer Chromatography
Procedure used for drug confirmatory
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
This is the process that provides this (it should be “the”) documentation of proper sample ID from the time of collection
to the receipt of lab results. All handling personnel is noted.
Chain of Custody
Urine volume for drug testing
30-45 mL
4 glass method for prostatitis infection or also known as
Stamey-Mears
