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Systems 2nd Year Renal > Renal Physiology 2 > Flashcards

Renal Physiology 2 Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Progression of renal disease results in destruction of

A

Nephron Destruction and Function

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2
Q

What is Total GFR the sum of?

A

All filtration by functioning Nephrons so progression of disease would be indicated by reduction in GFR.

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3
Q

What is important plasma or urine

A

Plasma

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4
Q

What does clearance relate to in measurement of GFR

A

Volume of plasma cleared

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5
Q

what is the loading IV dose of inulin

A

polyfructose

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6
Q

Inulin gives how much clearance

A

100%

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7
Q

Where is inulin freely filtered

A

at Glomerulus

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8
Q

Why is inulin measurement a measurement of GFR

A

It is not metabolised by kidney and does not interfere with normal renal function

It is also not reabsorbed or secreted

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9
Q

Substances which are filtered and reabsorbed will have a what clearance compared to inulin

A

Lower Clearance than Inulin

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10
Q

Substances filtered and secreted will have a what clearance compared to inulin

A

higher clearance

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11
Q

What is GFR in normal man

A

125

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12
Q

GFR declines by how much per year after 30

A

1ml/min/year

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13
Q

What is used in clinical practice instead of inulin

A

51Cr-EDTA

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14
Q

What is routinely used to estimate GFR

A

Plasma Creatinine Clearance

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15
Q

Creatine is breakdown produce of what

A

Creatinine Muscle

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16
Q

Creatine is said to be endogenous or exogenous

A

endogenous

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17
Q

What factors can affect serum creatinine

A

Muscle Mass
Diet
Drugs

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18
Q

What is normal GFR

A

100mls/1.73min

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19
Q

What is glucose’s clearance rate

A

zero as all glucose reabsorbed

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20
Q

what is urea’s clearance rate

A

50ml with 50% reabsorbed and 50% excreted

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21
Q

What is used to measure real plasma flow

A

Organion anion para amino hippuric acid

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22
Q

Para Amino Hippuric Acid is freely filtered where

A

glomerulus and then remaining in plasma secreted into tubule so 90% of plasma is cleared of PAH content

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23
Q

what is the percentage of clearance of PAH from plasma

A

90%`

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24
Q

Penicillin clearance

A

More penicillin excreted than filtered. Clearance rate 150 with 0 reabsorbed

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25
When filtration is greater than excretion this means
Net reabsorption
26
When excretion is greater than filtration this means
net secretion
27
when filtration and excretion are the same this means
No net reabsorption or secretion
28
How does urine flow form kidneys to ureters
via peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle of ureters
29
what type of muscle is bladder
dertrusor muscle
30
which muscle is mainly responsible for emptying bladder during micturition
detrusor muscle
31
The external urethral sphincter is
true sphincter made up of skeletal muscle under voluntary somatic control
32
the external urethral sphincter is under what control
voluntary somatic
33
the external urethral sphincter is made up of what type of muscle
skeletal
34
which urethral sphincter has smooth muscle and acts as a sphincter when smooth muscle relaxes
internal urethral sphincter
35
what type of epithelium does bladder have
Lined Transitional
36
Trigone of bladder has how many openings
2 Vesicoureteric
37
Urethral obstructions go on to be
bilateral renal problems
38
ureter obstruction goes on to be
unilateral renal problem
39
when the bladder is at rest what does the external sphincter with skeletal muscle do
stays contracted and internal sphincter is passively contracting
40
Micturition is controlled by
Parasympathetic Supply
41
Pressure within the bladder for micturition comes from which nerves
S2-4
42
Sympathetic supply for micturition is from
Hypogastric Nerves which inhibit contraction and close internal urethral sphincter
43
Internal Urethral sphincter closure is controlled by which nerves
Sympathetic hypogastric
44
Main function of hypogastric nerves and sympathetic and L1-3 in micturition
is prevent reflux of semen into bladder during ejaculation
45
Somatic Motoneurons (Pudental nerves) S2-4 innervate
Sketal Muscle that forms external Urethral sphincter
46
Sensory innervation of bladder is achieved by
stretch receptor afferents from bladder wall
47
As bladder fills what happens to discharge in afferent nerves to spinal cord
Increases via interneurons
48
What happens to parasympathetic in sensory innervation of bladder
Excitation
49
what happens to sympathetic in sensory innervation of bladder
Inhibition Inc Inhibition of Somatic Motorneurons to ext Sphincter
50
which neurons stop firing in micturition
motor
51
which sphincter relaxes in micturition
external sphincter
52
which type of muscle contracts in migration
smooth
53
what type of neurons fire in micturition
parasympathetic neurons
54
Bladder contraction is caused by
stimulation of parasympathetic and relax external sphincter
55
which neurons need to be inhibited to relax external sphincter
Somatic Motoneurons
56
Volume of urine in bladder required to initiate spinal reflex is
300-350
57
Delay in micturition is accomplished by
descending pathways
58
delay micturition requires
1. descending pathway 2. inhibit parasympathetic 3. stimulate somatic nerves to ext sphincter
59
voluntary initiation in micturition involves descending pathways which
stimulate parasympathetic 2. inhibit somatic motor neurons
60
What does the male urethra need to expel pee
Contractions of bulbocavernous muscle
61
Contractions of bulbocavernous muscle cause expelling of pee in which gender
male
62
One of the most important aspects of the ECF regulated by the kidney is its
volume
63
Can water freely cross all cell membranes
Yes
64
What are the major ECF osmoles
Na+ and CI
65
what are the major ICF osmoles
K+ salts
66
Regulation of ECF volume =
Regulation of Body Na+
67
The active transport mechanism that operates on the luminal surface of the thick ascending loop of Henle, involves
K+ Naci Na+ and K+ 2CI Co Transporter
68
The active transport mechanism that operates on the luminal surface of the thick ascending loop of Henle, is what type of process
passive process
69
The active transport mechanism that operates on the luminal surface of the thick ascending loop of Henle, the energy involved comes from
active transport
70
Where is Na/KATPase found
basolateral membrane
71
Loop diuretics can cause
K+ Ion Wasting
72
Any solute which remains in the tubule can cause
Osmotic Diuresis
73
When a large volume of isotonic urine is excreted what happens to pv
Decreased
74
Decreased PV will stimulate what
ADH release via baroreceptors
75
Why does a hypoglycaemic coma happen
Inadequate glucose for the brain available
76
why does a hyperglycaemic coma happen
inadequate BF to brain
77
Reabsorption of NaCi to H20 in Renal Tubule. How much is reabsorbed from proximal tubule
65-75%
78
How much NaCi to H20 is reabsorbed from loop of henle
15-20%
79
How much NaCi to H20 is reabsorbed from distal tubule to collecting duct
5-20%
80
What happens in Osmotic Diuresis of Uncontrolled Diabetes
Decreased Proximal Tubule Reabsorption, Loop of Henle Reabsorption, Distal Tubule Reabsorption
81
In Diabetes Mellitus how much isotonic urine excreted a day
6-8L
82
What inhibits renin release?
delivery of large volume of NacI to H20 at distal tubule inhibits renin release
83
what are reabsorbed at distal tubule
NaCi and H20
84
Fluid delivered to ascending limb is what in concentration
less
85
The NaCI Pumps in ascending limb are
gradient limited
86
Regulation of distal tubule Na+ reabsorption is under the control of the adrenal cortical steroid hormone,
aldosterone
87
Aldosterone secretion controlled by reflexes involving
kidney
88
Where is renin produced
JG Cells
89
Renin acts on which large protein a2 globulin fraction of plasma proteins
Angiotensinogen
90
Angiotensin II stimulates what
Aldosterone
91
Aldosterone stimulates what in kidney
distal tubular Na+ ion reabsorption
92
What controls renin release
Increased Renin release when P in afferent arteriole at level of JG Cells Decrease Increased Sympathetic Nerve Activity via B1 affect Decreased NaCI Delivery = Increased Renin
93
What does ADH do to renin
inhibit renin relea
94
Aldosterone promotes what reabsorption
Na+
95
ANP Promotes
Na+ excretion
96
Aldosterone does what two things at distal tubule
increase Na+ reabsroption and K+ secretion

Systems 2nd Year Renal (30 decks)

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