Upper Tract Obstruction

Question 1

Intrinsic Causes of Upper Tract Obstruction at Pelvi-Ureteric Junction

Answer 1

PUJ Obstruction
Stone
Ureteric Tumour
Blood Clot
Fungal Ball

Question 2

Intrinsic Causes of Upper Tract Obstruction at Ureter

Answer 2

Stone
Ureteric Tumour
Scar
Clot
Fungal Ball

Question 3

Intrinsic Causes of Upper Tract Obstruction at Vesico-Ureteric Junction

Answer 3

Stone
Bladder Tumour
Prostate Cancer
Ureteric Tumour

Question 4

Extrinsic Causes of Upper Tract Obstruction at Pelvi-Ureteric Junction

Answer 4

PUJ Obstruction
Lymph Nodes (Tumour)
Abdo Mass (tumour)

Question 5

Extrinsic Causes of Upper Tract Obstruction at Ureter

Answer 5

Lymph Nodes (Tumour, Retroperitoneal Fibrosis)
Iatrogenic
Abdo/Pelvic Mass (Tumour)
Pregnant Uterus

Question 6

Extrinsic Causes of Upper Tract Obstruction at Vesico-Ureteric junction

Answer 6

Cervical Tumour

Prostate Cancer

Question 7

Symptoms and Signs of Upper Tract Obstruction

Answer 7

Pain
Frank Haematuria
Palpable Mass
Microscopic Haemturia

Question 8

Management of Upper Tract Obstruction

Answer 8

Resusitation

Treat Cause

Question 9

Emergency Treatment of Upper Tract Obstruction

Answer 9

Percutaneous Nephrostomy Insertion or Retrograde Insertion

Question 10

How to Treat Stone in Obstruction

Answer 10

Ureteroscopy and Laser Lisotripsy

Question 11

How to treat Ureteric Tumour in Obstruction

Answer 11

Radical Nephro-Ureterectomy

Question 12

How to trat PUJ Obstrution in Obstruction

Answer 12

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Question 13

If urethra is impassible for cauterisation then use

Answer 13

16F SPC

Question 14

Management Lower Tract Obstruction Emergency

Answer 14

Catherisation

Question 15

Treating BPE in Obstruction

Answer 15

TURP

Question 16

Treating Urethral Stricture in lower tract Obstruction

Answer 16

Optic Urethrotomy

Question 17

Treating Meatal Stenosis in Lower Tract obstruction

Answer 17

Meatal Dilation

Question 18

Treating Phimosis in Lower Tract obstruction

Answer 18

Circumcision

Question 19

Chronic Retention High Pressure presents as

Answer 19

Painless
Incontinent
Raised CR
Bilateral Hydro Nephrosis

Question 20

Chronic Retention Low Pressure presents as

Answer 20

Painless
Dry
Normal CR
Normal Kidneys

Question 21

Complications of Urinary Retention

Answer 21

Decompression Haematuria

Post Obstructive Diuresis

Question 22

What is decompression haematuria

Answer 22

shearing of small vessels

usually self limit

Question 23

what is post obstructive diuresis

Answer 23

greater than 200ml

can lead to life threat sodium and water depletion

Question 24

If upper tract is obstructed what will ultrasound show

Answer 24

Hydronephrosis and Hydroureter

Question 25

What could Nuclear Isotope (Tech 99) scan determine

Answer 25

Split Renal Function (should be 50/50)

Used for Chronic Unilateral PUJ Obstruction

Question 26

CT KUB Advantages

Answer 26

No risk of contrast nephrotoxicity
Can be used in renal failure
stones and obstruction in emergency

Question 27

ct urogram contraindications

Answer 27

renal failure

gives out 15-20 radio

Question 28

ct urogram advantages

Answer 28

can detect masses

Question 29

gold standard for renal colic test

Answer 29

ct kub