Renal System

Question 1

artery leading from the heart to the kidneys

Answer 1

Aorta

Question 1

Vein leading from kidneys to the heart

Answer 1

Inferior vena cava

Question 2

Glomerulus function

Answer 2

responsible for filtration to form urine

Question 3

Bowman capsule

Answer 3

the first step of filtration of blood to form urine

Question 4

Glomerulonephritis (infection of the walls of the glomerulus) causes GFR to

Answer 4

Decrease

Question 5

Kidney stone causes

Answer 5

Bowman capsule pressure to rise, causing GFR to decrease

Question 6

High high-protein diet causes

Answer 6

the osmotic pressure of the glomerulus to rise, decreasing GFR

Question 7

Increase in arterial pressure causes

Answer 7

Increase in glomerular pressure, causing an increase in GFR

Question 8

Increase in afferent arteriole diameter/ decrease in efferent arteriole diameter causes

Answer 8

increase in pressure causing GFR to decrease

Question 9

Decrease in afferent arteriole diameter/ increase in efferent arteriole diameter causes

Answer 9

Decrease in pressure causing GFR to decrease

Question 10

secretion of adrenaline/ noradrenaline causes

Answer 10

decrease of artery diameter, decrease in glomerular pressure, decrease in GFR

Question 11

Increase in blood pressure causes

Answer 11

decreases artery diameter, causing decrease in GFR

Question 12

3 processes of the kidneys

Answer 12

1) filtration (glomerulus)
2) Reabsorption (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, glomerulus)
3) Secretion

Question 13

1st step of reabsorption

Answer 13

proximal tubule

Question 14

What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

Answer 14

70% of salts
99% of glucose

Question 15

Hormones causing the increase of reabsorption

Answer 15

Angiotensin II
Aldosterone

Question 16

Hormones causing the decrease of reabsorption

Answer 16

Dopamine
Atrial Natiuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 17

2nd stage of reabsorption

Answer 17

Loop of Henle

Question 18

Descending limb of the Loop of Henle is only permeable to? the ascending limb?

Answer 18

Descending limb= H20
Ascending limb= not permeable to H2O

Question 19

Concentration as flow goes down in the descending limb

Answer 19

it increases (H2O leaves)

Question 20

Concentration as flow goes up in the ascending limb

Answer 20

it decreases ( NaCl leaves)

Question 21

3rd stage of reabsorption

Answer 21

Distal tubule (H2O reabsorption)

Question 22

Aquaporin function

Answer 22

absorb water

Question 23

Hormones secreted by macula densa

Answer 23

renin and angiotensin

Question 24

How does renin effect GFR

Answer 24

decreases it

Question 25

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by the

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

What converts Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and then to angiotensin II

Answer 26

Angiotensin convertive enzyme (ACE)

Question 27

What does angiotensin II activate

Answer 27

Directly activates aquaporins Activates super renal gland (produces aldosterone)

Question 28

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) function

Answer 28

- prevents urination - activates aquaporins

Question 29

ADH is synthesized by the

Answer 29

pituitary gland

Question 30

4th stage of reabsorption

Answer 30

collecting tubule

Question 31

collecting tubule function

Answer 31

collects final urine and sends to the bladder