The Synapse

Question 1

Dendritic region function

Answer 1

receive info (neurotransmitters) , then undergoes graded potential

Question 2

Axonal Region function

Answer 2

deliver info through the release of neurotransmitters

Question 3

Afferent neuron def

Answer 3

transmit information into the CNS from receptors at their peripheral endings

Question 4

Efferent neuron functions

Answer 4

Transmit infor out of the CNS to the muscles, glands, neurons, and other cells

Question 5

interneuron function

Answer 5

integrate groups of afferent and efferent neurons into reflect circuits (lie within the CNS)

Question 6

synapse definition

Answer 6

specialized junction between 2 neurons

Question 7

Presynaptic membrane function

Answer 7

deliver neurotransmitters

Question 8

Postsynaptic membrane function

Answer 8

receives info

Question 9

membrane potential definition

Answer 9

the voltage difference between the inside and outside of the cell

Question 10

Types of receptors:

Answer 10

• nicotinic
• muscarinic

Question 11

nicotinic receptor def

Answer 11

they respond to nicotine

Question 12

Muscarinic receptor definition

Answer 12

responsive to muscarine, a poison from some mushrooms

Question 13

Axon terminal function

Answer 13

end part of a neuron’s axon that releases neurotransmitters

Question 14

ion channel function

Answer 14

membrane proteins that facilitate and regulate the movement of ions through the cell membrane

Question 15

myelin sheath function

Answer 15

fatty protein coating protects the nerve cell while allowing electrical impulses to travel quickly between them

Question 16

How is the resting membrane potential maintained?

Answer 16

increasing the concentration of cations outside the cell relative to inside the cell (through ion channels)

Question 17

Which of the potentials can control the polarity and intensity of the MP?

Answer 17

Graded potential

Question 18

What is it called when the MP becomes more positive?

Answer 18

Depolarization

Question 19

What is it called when the MP becomes more negative?

Answer 19

Hyperpolarization

Question 20

What is the intensity of action potential?

Answer 20

30 mV

Question 21

What voltage is required for the graded potential to activate?

Answer 21

-70 mV

Question 22

Difference between graded and active potential

Answer 22

GP are variable-strength signals transmitted over short distances while action potentials are large depolarizations that can be transmitted over long distances

Question 23

How does the myelin sheath affect action potential?

Answer 23

Increases the speed of AP by insulating the axon

Question 24

Two major receptors of Acetylcholine

Answer 24

• Nicotinic
• Muscarinic

Question 25

SNAR protein function

Answer 25

anchor vesicles

Question 26

Complexin function

Answer 26

connect SNAR protein to vesicles

Question 27

Ways neurotransmitters left in the gap are gotten rid of

Answer 27

- reabsorbed by pre-synaptic neuron - diffusion into the bloodstream

Question 28

How are vesicles released into the synaptic gap?

Answer 28

The complexin-SNAR link is broken

Question 29

Synaptogamin function

Answer 29

a Ca2+ sensor that triggers exocytosis