Renal System

Question 1

What produces urine?

Answer 1

Kidney

Question 2

What drains urine from the kidney to bladder?

Answer 2

Ureter

Question 3

What stores/empties urine?

Answer 3

Bladder

Question 4

What excretes urine?

Answer 4

Urethra

Question 5

What is the name of the stretchy epithelium going from ureter to upper urethra?

Answer 5

Transitional epithelium or uroepithelium

Question 6

What type of epithelium is the distal urethra lined by?

Answer 6

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

What does an upper/lower UTI involve?

Answer 7

Upper- may spread to kidneys

Lower- involves urethra and bladder

Question 8

What parts of the urinary system are in the retroperitoneum?

Answer 8

Kidneys and proximal parts of ureters

Question 9

What is the level of the top of the hip bones?

Answer 9

L4

Question 10

Where ate the distal parts of the ureters, bladder and proximal part of the urethra found?

Answer 10

Pelvis

Question 11

Where is the distal part of the urethra found?

Answer 11

Perineum

Question 12

What four regions of the abdomen do the kidneys lie within?

Answer 12

Hypochondriac, epigastric, flank/lumbar, umbilical

Question 13

What ribs protect the kidneys?

Answer 13

11 and 12

Question 14

What muscles guard in response to kidney damage?

Answer 14

Muscles of the back, antero-lateral abdominal wall, posterior abdominal wall

Question 15

What is the level of the right kidney?

Answer 15

L1-3

Question 16

What is the level of the left kidney?

Answer 16

T12-L2

Question 17

What layers are found deep to the parietal peritoneum of the kidney?

Answer 17

Paranephric fat, renal deep fascia, perinephric fat, renal capsule

Question 18

What structures are found at the renal hilum?

Answer 18

Ureter, renal artery and vein

Question 19

What arterial branches do the ureters receive?

Answer 19

Renal and gonadal arteries and a branch of the aorta

Question 20

What are the 3 paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 20

Adrenal, renal and gonadal arteries

Question 21

What is the basic functional and structural unit of the kidney?

Answer 21

Nephron

Question 22

How many segmental branches arise from each renal artery to supply the nephrons?

Answer 22

5

Question 23

Where do the left and right renal veins drain into?

Answer 23

IVC

Question 24

Where do the left and right gonadal veins drain into?

Answer 24

Right- IVC

Left- Left renal

Question 25

What are the 2 main parts of the kidney?

Answer 25

Outer cortex and inner medulla

Question 26

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

Answer 26

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Question 27

What passes through the renal pyramid to drain the modified filtrate through the renal papilla as urine?

Answer 27

Collecting duct

Question 28

What structures does urine drain through from the collecting ducts to the ureter?

Answer 28

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

Question 29

What are renal calculi?

Answer 29

Renal stones (made from calcium)

Question 30

Where does the ureter cross in relation to the common iliac arteries?

Answer 30

Anterior

Question 31

What type of pain will someone with renal stones have?

Answer 31

Comes and goes- renal colic

Question 32

What type of muscle makes up the ureter walls?

Answer 32

Smooth

Question 33

What is the name of the bladder sphincter which encircles the ureteric orifices?

Answer 33

Detrusor muscle fibres

Question 34

What do the detrusor muscle fibres do?

Answer 34

Prevent reflux of urine into the ureters

Question 35

Detrusor muscle fibres encircling the bladder neck are only present in who?

Answer 35

Males

Question 36

What does the internal urethral sphincter/detrusor muscle of the neck of the bladder do?

Answer 36

Prevents ejaculatory reflux

Question 37

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 37

Non-cancerous hyperplasia of the prostate

Question 38

What is the problem with benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 38

In impinges on the prostatic urethra and causes problems passing urine, increased urinary frequency and possible involuntary urination

Question 39

What are the two types of catheter?

Answer 39

Suprapubic- into bladder via anterior abdominal wall | Urinary- into bladder via urethra

Question 40

Who are UTIs more common in?

Answer 40

Females

Question 41

Obstructions to the urethra cause problem with which kidney?

Answer 41

Both of them

Question 42

What is renal failure?

Answer 42

The kidneys are not able to filter the blood to produce urine