Repro 4 Flashcards

1
Q

how many couples in the uk require ix for infertility

A

1/6

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2
Q

assess ovarian reserve

A

antral follicle count

AMH

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3
Q

coasting is what

A

treatment for OHSS

stop gonadotrophins

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4
Q

success rate for IVF

A

35%

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5
Q

1s trim ends
2nd trim ends
3rd trim ends

A

12 weeks
28 weeks
40 weeks

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6
Q

complete mole has how much of a risk for becoming choriocarcinoma

A

2.5%

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7
Q

lactobacillus sp in healthy vagina

what does it produce and why

A

lactic acid +/- hydrogen peroxide

suppress growth of other bacteria

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8
Q

tayside syphylis screening

if pos

A

IgG and IgM

if positive then VDRL and TPPA and IgM ELISA fro HIV as well

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9
Q

episode of PID can what

A

increase the risk of chlamydia by 10

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10
Q

increase in maternal age can increase the risk of the baby having what

A

downs

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11
Q

most common cancer in women under 35

A

cervical cancer

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12
Q

do people who have had the HPV vaccine still need to go for smears and why

A

y

HPV vaccine doesn’t protect against 30% cevical cancers

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13
Q

primary action of depo

A

inhibits ovulation

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14
Q

primary action of IUD

A

prevention of fertilisation

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15
Q

primary action IUS

A

effect on implantation

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16
Q

primary action of implant

A

inhibits ovulation

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17
Q

primary action of CHC

A

inhibits ovulation via the action on the hypo-pit-ovarian axis leading to decreased levels of FSH/LH

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18
Q

migraine with aura increases the risk of what when on the CHC

A

iscaehmic stroke

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19
Q

cocp and risk of cervical cancer

A

increase the risk

but risk reduces to baseline 10y after stopping

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20
Q

primary mechanism for POP

A

thickening of cervical mucous

etonorgestrol - suppresss ovulation in up to 97% of cycles

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21
Q

secondary mechanism of POP

A

supression in over 60% ovulation by levongesterol
decreases endometrial receptivity to blastocyte
decreases cilia activity in the fallopian tubes

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22
Q

monochorionic

A

shared placenta

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23
Q

monozygous

A

same egg

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24
Q

monochorionic and monozygous twins at a high risk of what

A

of preg cx

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25
IUGR
<10th centile
26
commonest cause of iatrogenic prem
PET
27
which htn drugs can be breast fed with
all of them in preg
28
methyldopa
alpha agonost
29
labetalol
and and beta antagonist
30
hydrazine
vasodilator
31
nifedipine
CCB
32
oliguria in how many px after delivery
30% | no treatment necessary
33
risk factors for PET
75mg aspirin daily | start before 12 w
34
chronic essential htn present when
at booking or <20w
35
gestation htn dx when
new htn >20w with no signify proteinuria
36
<140/90 in preg | <130/90
consider reducing dose | reduce dose
37
neonatal hypoglycaemia
risk of cerebral palsy
38
polycythaemia
risk of IUD
39
preg increases what factors and decreases what
increases 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, fibrinogen, increased platelets | decreases in 2 and antithrombin 3
40
is warfarin okay in bf
y
41
where is the lamboid sututre
near the occipital bone
42
mathew duncan | schultz
marginal placental seperation - commonest | separation from central aspect
43
se of oxybutinin
dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, solmenance
44
overflow incontincance stop what
antocholinergics
45
uterine descent
first degree - in vagina 2nd at interiotus (vaginal orifice) 3rd outside vagina procidenta
46
examination of the newborn done when
at 24 hours (72h?)
47
can heparin cross placenta
no its a large molecular weight molecule
48
half the deaths of childhood occur when and why
in first year of childs life | strong assoc w preterm delivery and low birth weight
49
interval of <6m between preg can what
increase risk for preterm
50
what can overinflation of lungs in a preterm baby do
inflam - long term morbidity because they r v fragile
51
x linked DMD chance of child getting it
1/4 | 1/2 if know baby is boy
52
SSRIs can what
increase FSH/LH
53
mennorhagia treatment
NSAIDs - mefenamic acid tranexomic acid progesterone, IUS, ablation, hysterectomy
54
mefenamic acid works how
decreases blood supply to uterus
55
tranexamic acid
anti fibrinolytic
56
where is AFP made
in foetal liver crosses placenta into mums blood
57
what causes a high aFP
spina bifida, gastrorchisis
58
ideal site for anti D
deltoid muscle
59
when should tamoxifen be stopped
3m before preg
60
oxybutinin risk
double risk for alzheimers confusion dont give to anyone with memory problems
61
how long after a miscarriage can someone start trying to get pregnant again
after a period
62
menstruation usually starts when
11-15
63
imperforate hymen treatment | cx
cruciate incision | can lead to infertility and chronic pelvic pain
64
preterm labour/prom
erythromycin 250mg qds for 10d
65
age till u can get IVF
42
66
candida ix
HVS
67
prostitis is what
rare cx of UTI in men
68
what should be checked for as well in prostitis
chlamydia and gon in px <35
69
primary sites of infection of gon
mucous membrane of urethra endocervix rectum pharynx
70
gon is resistant to what
penicillins, tetracyclines, quinolone, most oral cephalosporina
71
commonest bacteria STI
chlamydia
72
chlamydia swab
VVS
73
commonest viral STI
warts HPV
74
non enclosed C corohedral virus contains double stranded DNA
HPV
75
frothy discharge and must smell
tracho vag
76
hiv infection establishes within
3 days
77
ophthalmic screenin why in hiv px
CD <50 | cytomegalovirus
78
karposkis
human herpes virus 8
79
karposkis more common in
MSM
80
3rd gen detect what
ABs | IgG/IgM
81
DCIS involving lobular | involving skin
cancerisation | pagets
82
commonest female cancer | how many will develop
breast | 1/8
83
ducts ectasia effects what
subareaolar ducts