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ANATOMY > repro embryology > Flashcards

repro embryology Flashcards

1
Q

where do primordial germ cells migrate to

A

gonadal ridge

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2
Q

what 3 types of cells are found in gonadal ridge

A

primordial germ cells
mesothelial cells
mesenchymal cells

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3
Q

what do primordial cells give

A

future gametes
male = spermatogonia
female = oogonia

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4
Q

what do mesothelial cells do

A

structures which will harbour and help in development of primordial germ cells

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5
Q

what structures are mesothelial cells in M&F

A

male = seminiferous tubules
female = follicles

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6
Q

what are mesenchymal cells

A

supporting cells
male = Leydig cells
female = stroma

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7
Q

which layer is genital tract developed from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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8
Q

what are the 2 genital ducts

A

mesonephric - Wolffian (male)
paramesonephric - Mullerian (female)

give internal reproductive structures

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9
Q

what structures does mesonephric (wolffian) duct give

A

epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicle

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10
Q

what structures does paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct give

A

uterus
fallopian tube
cervix
upper 1/3 vagina

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11
Q

dihydrotestosterone function

A

provides prostate, penis and scrotum
external genitalia

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12
Q

what does sertoli cells produce

A

MIF

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13
Q

gubernaculum becomes what?

A

ovarian ligament and round ligament of ovary

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14
Q

what week do germ cells begin to migrate from endoderm lining of yolk sac to genital ridges

A

4th week

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15
Q

what week do the germ cells reach the genital ridges

A

6th week

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16
Q

what forms indifferent gonad

A

germ cells and primitive sex cords

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17
Q

how do primitive sex cords form

A

epithelium of genital ridges proliferates and penetrates the intermediate mesoderm

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18
Q

what gene does Y chromosome contain

A

SRY

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19
Q

what does SRY gene do

A

stimulate development of primitive sex cords to form testis (medullary) cords

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20
Q

a portion of testis cords breaks off to form what

A

future rete testis

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21
Q

remaining testis cords contain 2 types of cells

A

sertoli
germ

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22
Q

Leydig cells are derived from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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23
Q

what do Leydig begin in week 8

A

production of testosterone - which drives differentiation of internal and external genitalia

24
Q

role of appendix testis and location

A

no physiological function
small portion of tissue located on upper pole of each testicle

25
Q

how does appendix testis form

A

paramesonephric duct

26
Q

in the presence of which hormone does paramesonephric duct degenerate

A

anti-Mullerian

27
Q

where is anti-Mullerian hormone produced

A

sertoli cells in the testes

28
Q

in females, what does the degeneration of mesonephric duct leave behind

A

vestigial remnant: Gartner’s duct

29
Q

absence of anti-Mullerian hormone allows for development of what duct

A

paramesonephric duct

30
Q

3 parts of paramesonephric duct

A

cranial
horizontal
caudal

31
Q

cranial paramesonephric duct becomes?

A

fallopian tubes

32
Q

horizontal paramesonephric duct becomes?

A

fallopian tubes

33
Q

caudal paramesonephric duct becomes?

A

fuses to form the uterus, cervix, and upper 1/3 vagina

34
Q

how does lower 2/3 vagina form

A

sinovaginal bulbs

35
Q

where are sinovaginal bulbs derived from

A

from pelvic part of urogenital sinus

36
Q

which week does external genitalia development begin

A

3rd week

37
Q

how are cloacal folds formed

A

mesenchymal cells from primitive streak migrate to cloacal membrane to form pair of cloacal folds

38
Q

cranially, what do folds do?

A

fuse to form genital tubercle

39
Q

caudally, what do folds do?

A

divide into urethral folds (anterior)
anal folds (posterior)

40
Q

what develops either side of urethral folds

A

genital swellings

41
Q

rapid elongation of genital tubercle causes what to form

A

becomes the phallus

42
Q

urethral folds are pulled to form what

A

urethral groove

43
Q

folds close over by when and form what

A

by 4th month and form the penile urethra

44
Q

genital swellings become what

A

scrotal swellings

45
Q

scrotal swellings move where to form what

A

move caudally to form scrotum

46
Q

oestrogens are responsible for ?

A

external genitalia development

47
Q

genital tubercle elongates to form what

A

clitoris

48
Q

urethral folds and genital swellings do not fuse, but instead form what

A

labia minora and labia majora respectively

49
Q

urogenital groove remains open, forming what?

A

vestibule into which urethra and vagina open

50
Q

gubernaculum

A

ligamentous structure formed from mesenchyme

51
Q

around week 28 what happens with testes

A

pass through inguinal canal

52
Q

testes reach scrotum at what week

A

week 33

53
Q

testes blood supply

A

testicular arteries

54
Q

where do testicular arteries branch from

A

lumbar aorta

55
Q

adult remnant of gubernaculum in males

A

scrotal ligament

56
Q
A

ANATOMY (13 decks)

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