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Physio II > Repro - Female 2 > Flashcards

Repro - Female 2 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Ovaries are the site of________.

A

Gametogensis

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2
Q

Oviducts are the site of ____________.

A

fertilization and cleavage

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3
Q

Uterus is the site of ____________.

A

fetus development

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4
Q

The cervix is the _________.

A

barrier/birth canal

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5
Q

The vagina is the __________.

A

copulatory organ

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6
Q

The internal repro tract is suspended by the ____________ from the __________ body wall.

A

broad ligament; dorsolateral

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of the broad ligament?

A

mesovarium
mesoalpinx
mesometrium

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8
Q

How is the uterus formed embryologically?

A

starts as two long tubes (Mullerian ducts); degree of fusion of two Mullerian ducts varies by species

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9
Q

Cows have how many cervix?

A

two

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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11
Q

What are caruncles?

A

Certain regions in the endometrium that are highly vascular and lack glands. Serve as attachment sites for cotyledons of the embryo.

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12
Q

Which layer of the uterus has blood vessels?

A

myometrium

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13
Q

What layer of the uterus is continuous with the broad ligament?

A

perimetrium

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14
Q

Where is semen deposited?

A

anterior part of vagina or the cervix

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15
Q

The vagina lacks true glands. True or false?

A

true

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16
Q

What provides lubrication to the vagina?

A

cervical mucus and vestibular glands

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17
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

the common duct for reproductive and urinary systems

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18
Q

What is winking in mares?

A

closing and opening of lower part of vulva, a sign for stallion that mare is ready for mating

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19
Q

What is the difference between estrus and and estrous?

A

Estrus - noun - period of sexual excitability when a female will accept a male for breeding

Estrous - adj - relating to estrus (cycle)

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20
Q

What is the estrous cycle for a ewe?

A

17 days

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21
Q

What is the estrous cycle length for a cow?

A

21 days

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22
Q

What is the estrous cycle length for a doe?

A

21 days

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23
Q

What is the estrous cycle length for a sow?

A

20 days

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24
Q

What is the estrous cycle length for a mare?

A

22 days

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25
What is the estrous cycle length for a cat?
17 days
26
When does proestrus phase begin?
with the regression of the corpora lutea
27
What hormone decreases during proestrus?
progesterone
28
A what phase do follicles grow rapidly?
proestrus
29
Levels of estrogen in proestrus?
low levels
30
What are PMNs and what happens to them during proestrus?
polymorphonuclear cells (white blood cells) migrate into the urterine lumen
31
When does vascularity reach its peak in the endometrium?
1 day after the end of estrus
32
What induces behavioral symptoms of approaching estrus phase?
increased plasma estradiol
33
What is silent estrus?
No behavior change
34
When do you have silent estrus?
1st ovulation 1st post-partum ovulation 1st ovulation after beginning of breeding season
35
Ovulation is associated with ______.
Estrus
36
When does ovulation occur in the cow?
10-12 hours after the end of estrus
37
When does ovulation occur in the ewe?
mid-late estrus
38
When does ovulation occur in the sow?
mid estrus
39
When does ovulation occur in the mare?
1-2 days before the end of estrus
40
What are spontaneous ovulators?
animals that ovulate at every estrus
41
What are induced or reflex ovulators?
Animals that ovulate only if matting occurs
42
What animals are induced or reflex ovulators?
cat, rabbit, camel
43
What is the duration of the estrus phase in the cow?
12-18 hours
44
What is the duration of the estrus phase in the ewe?
24-36 hours
45
What is the duration of the estrus phase in the doe?
30-40 hours
46
What is the duration of the estrus phase in the sow?
40-72 hours
47
What is the duration of the estrus phase in the mare?
4-8 days
48
What happens in metestrus?
it is when the ruptured follicles are transformed into corpora lutea
49
In what animals does estrus occur during metestrus?
cow and doe
50
What species does not have metestrus?
dogs
51
What is happening during diestrus phase?
fully functional corpora lutea (CL) increase in plasma progesterone levels
52
When does diestrus begin in cow, sows, ewes, and mares?
cows: 5th day os estrous cycle sow and ewe: 4th day of estrous cycle mare: 8th day of estrous cycle
53
During proestrus, uterus is prepared for implantation and pregnancy. True or false?
False- during diestrus
54
What does progesterone stimulate?
development of oviducts for gamete transport proliferation and secretory activity of endometrial contractions
55
What does progesterone inhibit?
myometrial contractions estrogen-induced vaginal cornification
56
If pregnancy does not ensue, what happens?
corpora lutea regresses and stops synthesizing progesterone
57
What hormones increase prior to estrus in the mare?
Estrogen and LH
58
What hormone increases between estrus cycles?
progesterone
59
How many estrous cycles does a dog have annually?
one or two
60
What phases are considered follicular phases?
proestrus and estrus
61
What phases are considered luteal phases?
just diestrus
62
How long are queens in estrus?
2-10 days (7 average)
63
Why don't queen have diestrus?
Because they are induced ovulators, so if no mating occurs, there is no ovulation and no CL
64
What species are not responsive to photoperiods in regards to estrous cycles?
bovine, porcine, some ovine breeds
65
What is continual polyestrous?
regular estrous cycles throughout the year (not responsive to photoperiod)
66
What is seasonal polyestrous?
regular estrous cycles during part of the year (responsive to photoperiod)
67
What animals are short day seasonal breeders?
ovine, caprine, cervids
68
What animals are long day seasonal breeders?
equine, feline, hamster
69
What is diestrous?
two estrus per year
70
What animals are diestrous?
dogs
71
What is seasonally monoestrous?
one cycle per year
72
What animals are seasonally monoestrous?
African-breed dogs, bears, wolves, foxes
73
What happens during anestrous and when is it generally seen?
cyclicity is disrupted pregnancy early post-partum period seasonal breeders during non-breeding season

Physio II (14 decks)

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