Repro. Male ANATOMY

Question 1

What are the male reproductive organs and accessory organs?

Answer 1

Reproductive organs - Testes

Accessory - vas deferens, seminal glnds, prostate, penis

Question 2

Name the labelled points of the male reproductive system

Answer 2

A - Testes (right)

B - Epididymis (right)

C - Vas deferens (right)

D - Scrotum

E - Vas deferens

Question 3

Identify the labelled parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 3

A - Vas deferens

B - Seminal Gland

C - Ejaculatory Duct

D - Prostate Gland

E - Prostatic urethra

Question 4

Identify the labelled parts of the male reproductive tract

Answer 4

A - Vas deferens

B - Ejaculatory duct

C - Prostatic urethra

D - Spongy urethra

E - External urethral meatus

Question 5

Identify the labelled parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 5

A - Seminal Gland

B - Prostate Gland

C - Bulbourethral Gland

D - Epididymis

E - External urethral meatus

Question 6

How long is the male urethra approximately?

Answer 6

20cm long

Question 7

Describe the pathway of the male lower urinary tract (starting from bladder)

Answer 7

1. Bladder
2. Internal Urethral orifice
3. Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
4. (into prostatic urethra)
5. External urethral sphincter (voluntary)
6. (into spongy urethra - within corpus spongiosum)
7. External urethral orifice (meatus)

Question 8

Identify the landmarks of the bladder

Answer 8

A - Peritoneum

B - Ureteric orifices (in the base)

C - Internal urethral orifice (inferior aspect of ‘floor’)

D - Urethra

E - Prostate Gland

Question 9

True or False:

During ejaculation the detrusor muscles (forming internal urethral sphincter) contracts

Answer 9

TRUE

Prevents retrograde ejaculation

Question 10

Which muscles forms the bladder wall?

Answer 10

Detrusor muscle

Fibres encircle ureteric orifices & tighten when bladder contracts (prevents reflux of urine)

Around neck of male bladder destrusor forms internal urethral sphincter muscle

Question 11

How does the position of the testes change during development?

Answer 11

Originate on posterior wall of abdominal cavity

Descend through anterior abdominal wall (through inguinal canal)

By birth, should have descended into the scrotum

‘Vas’ that carries sperm follows testis into scrotum and connected testis to urethra

Question 12

What travels through the spermatic cord?

Answer 12

• Testicular artery
• Testicular vein
• Vas deferens
• Lymphatic vessels
• Nerves
  
  • Autonomic - Vas deferens
  • Somatic - cremaster muscle

Question 13

What is the Cremaster muscle and what is its function?

Answer 13

In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord

Muscle moves testis, promoting healthy and motile sperm

Lowers and raises testis to control temperature

Question 14

Identify the points labelled below

Answer 14

A - Transversus abdominis

B - Internal oblique

C - External Oblique

D - Rectus Abdominis

E - Inguinal ligament

Question 15

Identify the points labelled below

Answer 15

A - Ilioinguinal nerve

B - Superficial Ring

C - Deep Ring

D - Conjoint tendon (combined aponeurosis of internal oblique + transversus abdominis, anchors muscles inferiorly to pubic bone)

Question 16

Identify the points labelled below

Answer 16

A - Internal Spermatic Fascia

B - Cremasteric fascia

C - External spermatic fascia

D - Inguinal ligament

E - Superficial ring

Question 17

What is the Tunica Vaginalis?

Answer 17

Inside the scrotum the testis sits within a sac called Tunica Vaginalis (testis pushes into sac)

Excess fluid within tunica vaginalis = Hydrocele

Question 18

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 18

Seminiferous tubules

Question 19

Which parts of the testis are labelled below?

Answer 19

A - Vas deferens

B - Head of epididymis

C - Tail of Epididymis

D - Rete testis

Question 20

Which parts of the testis are labelled below?

Answer 20

A - Rete testis

B - Dartos muscle (smooth muscle - helps control temp.)

C - Seminiferous tubules

Question 21

What is the function of the Dartos muscle?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle in superficial fascia of scrotum

Contracts to:

• Wrinkle/thicken scrotal skin
• Reduce surface area of scrotum

Maintains correct scrotal temperature in cold conditions (temp 1C below core body temp.)

Question 22

What is the normal size of the testis?

Answer 22

5cm length

12-25ml volume

Question 23

Can the vas deferens be palpated?

Answer 23

Can be palpated within spermatic cord

In scrotum, superior to testis

Question 24

Which structures of the spermatic cord are labelled A, B, C and what embryonic remnant can sit within space D?

Answer 24

A - Vas deferens

B - Testicular artery

C - Pampiniform venous plexus

D - Potential space of Tunica Vaginalis

Question 25

What is the blood supply and drainage of the testis?

Answer 25

Arteries from lateral aspect of abdominal aorta (testicular arteries) Veins: * Left testicular vein \> left renal vein \> IVC * Right testicular vein \> IVC

Question 26

What is the function of Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Gland?

Answer 26

Mucous secretion Lubricates urethra and neutralises acidity

Question 27

What is the approximate size of a normal prostate?

Answer 27

Walnut shaped Surrounds prostatic urethra (inferior aspect in contact with levator ani)

Question 28

Which zone do most prostate cancers arise?

Answer 28

Peripheral Zone (felt on PR exam)

Question 29

What is the route of sperm from testis to ejaculation?

Answer 29

1. Sperm develops in testes (within scrotum) 2. Pass from testes via vas defernens (lies within spermatic cord) 3. Spermatic cord passes through anterior abdominal wall within inguinal canal (reaches pelvic cavity) 4. Vas deferens connects with the duct from seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form Ejaculatory duct 5. R + L ejaculatory ducts join together within prostate gland (inferior to bladder) and drain into urethra 6. Urethra opens at external urethral meatus of penis

Question 30

What structures of the perineum are labelled?

Answer 30

A - Glans B - Penile raphe C - Scrotal Raphe D - Scrotum E - Anus

Question 31

Describe the anatomy of the erectile tissue within the penis and what do they contain?

Answer 31

3 cylinders of erectile tissue (engorged with blood at arterial pressure during erection) Corpus cavernosum (R + L) - posterior, transmits deep arteries of penis Corpus Spongiosum - anterior, transmits spongy uretha (less engorged in erection to prevent urethra closure) - Expands distally to form Glans penis

Question 32

How are the sections of the penis divided (proximal to distal)?

Answer 32

Root of penis Body of penis Glans External urethral orifice

Question 33

What are the contents of the root of penis and their respective muscles?

Answer 33

Bulb (corpus spongiosum) \> Bulbospongiosus Crura (corpus caverosum) \> Ischiocavernosus (Also superficial transverse perineal muscle, proximal spongy urethra, branches of internal pudendal vessels + pudendal nerve)

Question 34

What is the blood supply to the penis and scrotum?

Answer 34

Via deep arteries of the penis (branches from **I****nternal Pudendal Artery \>**from**Internal iliac**) Blood supply to scrotum via **Internal Pudendal** and branches from **External Iliac artery**

Question 35

What is the lymph drainage of the penis scrotum and testes?

Answer 35

Lymph from scrotum & most of penis (NOT glans) - drains to **Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes** (superficial fascia of groin) Lymph from testes drains to **Lumbar Nodes** (around abdominal aorta)