Reproduction 2 Flashcards
(66 cards)
What are the internal female reproductive organs?
Uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina and ovaries
In females the duct system for the transference of _______ is _______ and leads to the ______ which is the site of ____________ and ___________ of the zygote.
In females the duct system for the transference of gametes is short and leads to the uterus which is the site of implantation and development of the zygote.
What three structures constitute the birth canal?
Cervix, vagina, vulva
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium: outer serous coat, peritoneum & connective tissue
Myometrium: middle smooth muscle coat
Endometrium: inner mucosa coat (blastocyst implants here)
What two layers of the uterus are adhered firmly together?
Endometrium firmly adhered to the myometrium.
As pregnancy progresses, the uterus physiologically splits into two segments. What are these called? What do these segments develop from?
Upper and lower segments
Upper - body of uterus
Lower - isthmus and cervix
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteflexed and anteverted
Anteflexion = tipping forward uterine body in comparison to the cervix
Anteversion = tipping forward of whole organ compared to the vagina
What could happen in early pregnancy if the uterus is retroverted and retroflexed?
Uterine incarceration is an obstetrical complication whereby a growing retroverted uterus becomes wedged into the pelvis after the first trimester of pregnancy
At any surgical management of miscarriage why might it be important to know prior to instrumentation of the uterine cavity whether the uterus is anteverted or retroverted?
To minimise risk of perforation of the uterus
What are the fornices of the vagina?
Recess around the protruding cervix
Split into anterior, posterior and lateral parts
Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch?
Posterior fornix
Why is it important to be able to reach the rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) via the posterior fornix)?
Pouch of Douglas is commonly a site where fluid collects and if you can gain access to it via the posterior fornix you will be able to drain it
What ligaments firmly anchor the uterus and cervix in place?
Ligament of the ovary
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Round ligament of the uterus
Broad ligament
Which ligament (part of the pelvic fascia) is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus?
Cardinal ligament (attaches cervix to the lateral pelvic walls)
Apart from pelvic fascia, what other structure in the pelvis is also an important support of the uterus?
The tone of the pelvic floor
Give a description of the four parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum - funnel shaped distal end that opens into peritoneal cavity
Ampulla - widest and longest part
Isthmus - thick walled part that enters the uterine horn
Intramural/uterine part - short segment that passes through the wall of the uterus & opens into uterine cavity
Where does fertilisation usually occur?
Ampulla of the uterine tube
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Pregnancy in which the ovum implants outside the endometrium of the uterine cavity (most commonly in the uterine tube)
What is cornual ectopic?
Rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the pregnancy implants in the cornua of the uterus
In which fossa to the ovaries fit?
Ovarian fossa
Repeated pregnancies may do what to the ovaries?
Displace their position
How do the ovaries appear after menopause?
Atrophied and fibrous
What ligament stretches from the ovary to the uterus?
Ligament of the ovary
what ligament stretches from the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
