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Year 3 Anatomy > Reproduction 3 > Flashcards

Reproduction 3 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Space inferior to pelvic diaphragm (including external genitalia)

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2
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Space inferior to pelvic diaphragm (including external genitalia)

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3
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Muscular partition formed by the levator ani and coccygeus

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4
Q

What is in the female perineum?

A

External genitalia
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

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5
Q

What is the male perineum?

A

External genitalia (urethra, scrotum, penis)
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

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6
Q

What structures divide the perineum into two triangles? What are these two triangles called?

A

Base of each triangle formed by line joining the two ischial tuberosities
Tip of the urogenital triangle formed by the pubic symphysis
Tip of the anal triangle formed by the coccyx

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7
Q

What structures are in the urogenital triangle?

A

Roots of scrotum, penis and vulva

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8
Q

What structures are in the anal triangle?

A

Anal canal, orifice and anus

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9
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Thin sheet of deep fascia that stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arch below the pubic symphysis (in between the deep and superficial perineal muscles)

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10
Q

What is the perineal membrane perforated by?

A

Urethra and vagina

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11
Q

What muscles converge at the perineal body?

A

Bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse peroneal muscles etc.

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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13
Q

What is the action of the external sphincter?

A

Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resisting defaecation
Supports and fixes peroneal body/pelvic floor

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14
Q

What is the innervation of bulbospongiosus?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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15
Q

What is the innervation of ischiocavernosus?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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16
Q

What is the innervation of superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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17
Q

What is the innervation of deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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18
Q

What is the innervation of external urethral sphincter?

A

Branch of pudendal nerve

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19
Q

What is the action of bulbospongiosus?

A

Supports/fixes perineal body/pelvic floor

Assists in erection of penis/clitoris

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20
Q

What is the action of ischiocavernosus?

A

Maintains erection of clitoris/penis

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21
Q

What is the action of the superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

Supports and fixes perineal body to support abdomino-pelvic viscera, resisting increased intraabdominal pressure

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22
Q

What is the function of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Compress urethra to maintain urinary continence

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23
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscular partition formed by the levator ani and coccygeus

24
Q

What is in the female perineum?

Study These Flashcards
A

External genitalia
Perineal muscles
Anal canal

25
What is the male perineum?
External genitalia (urethra, scrotum, penis) Perineal muscles Anal canal
26
What structures divide the perineum into two triangles? What are these two triangles called?
Base of each triangle formed by line joining the two ischial tuberosities Tip of the urogenital triangle formed by the pubic symphysis Tip of the anal triangle formed by the coccyx
27
What structures are in the urogenital triangle?
Roots of scrotum, penis and vulva
28
What structures are in the anal triangle?
Anal canal, orifice and anus
29
What is the perineal membrane?
Thin sheet of deep fascia that stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arch below the pubic symphysis (in between the deep and superficial perineal muscles)
30
What is the perineal membrane perforated by?
Urethra and vagina
31
What muscles converge at the perineal body?
Bulbospongiosus, levator ani, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse peroneal muscles etc.
32
What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?
Branch of pudendal nerve
33
What is the action of the external sphincter?
Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resisting defaecation Supports and fixes peroneal body/pelvic floor
34
What is the innervation of bulbospongiosus?
Branch of pudendal nerve
35
What is the innervation of ischiocavernosus?
Branch of pudendal nerve
36
What is the innervation of superficial transverse perineal muscle?
Branch of pudendal nerve
37
What is the innervation of deep transverse perineal muscle?
Branch of pudendal nerve
38
What is the innervation of external urethral sphincter?
Branch of pudendal nerve
39
What is the action of bulbospongiosus?
Supports/fixes perineal body/pelvic floor | Assists in erection of penis/clitoris
40
What is the action of ischiocavernosus?
Maintains erection of clitoris/penis
41
What is the action of the superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle?
Supports and fixes perineal body to support abdomino-pelvic viscera, resisting increased intraabdominal pressure
42
What is the function of the external urethral sphincter?
Compress urethra to maintain urinary continence
43
What is the perineal body?
Fibromuscular mass in the medial plane between the vagina and rectum
44
What sit he clinical significance of the perineal body?
Last support of pelvic viscera (just deep to skin) Stretching/tearing of this attachment of perineal muscles from perineal body can occur during childbirth --> removal of support of pelvic floor Which can lead to prolapse or continence issues
45
What are the superficial and deep perineal pouches?
Fascia-limited, potential spaces transversed by the urethra The superficial perineal pouch lies antero-inferior to the urogenital membrane & surrounds the external genitalia The deep perineal pouch surrounds the deep perineal msucle NB - they can become infiltrated with urine following traumatic/surgical injury to urethra
46
In which peritoneal space is the external urethral sphincter found? Is it voluntary?
Deep peritoneal space | Yes - voluntary
47
What is the external urethral sphincter part of?
Deep transverse peritoneal muscle
48
Where is the internal/vesical urethral junction located?
At the vesico-ureteric junction | No - it is involuntary
49
What are the four parts of the urethra?
Preprostatic Prostatic membranous Spongey
50
What is the condition where an elderly man's prostate enlarges?
BPH - leads to urinary symptoms
51
What part of the urethra is widest and most dilatable?
Prostatic part
52
What part of the urethra is narrowest?
Membranous part
53
What are the ischio-anal fossae and where do they lie?
Fat filled wedges that lie inferior to the pelvic floor and lateral to the anal canal
54
What is the function of the ischio-anal fossae?
They allow the anal canal to expand during defaecation
55
What are the major contents of the ischio-anal fossae?
Fat and connective tissue
56
Which neurovascular bundle enters the ischio-anal fossae through the lesser sciatic foramen? What does this neurovascular bundle supply?
Alcock's/pudendal canal - contains internal pudendal artery and vein and pudendal nerve These structures go on supply the external genitalia
57
Ischioanal abscess can often form and become quite large. These can burst into nearby spaces leading to what?
Fistulae

Year 3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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