Reproduction and Development

Question 1

Testis

Answer 1

Male gonad

-Site of gamete formation and testosterone production

Question 2

Epididymis

Answer 2

Site of sperm maturation and storage

Question 3

Vas Deferens

Answer 3

Sperm transport

Question 4

Ejaculatory Duct

Answer 4

Sperm transport

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

Channel for ejaculation of sperm and excretion of urine

Question 6

Seminal Vesicle

Answer 6

Secretes fructose-rich fluid that is the main component of semen

Question 7

Prostate Gland

Answer 7

Secretes prostaglandins and buffers that are found in semen

Question 8

Bulbourethral Gland

Answer 8

Secretes mucous to clear urethra and provide lubrication

Question 9

Seminiferous Tubules

Answer 9

Site of sperm formation

Question 10

Hormones involved in sperm formation (4)

Answer 10

• Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Testosterone

Question 11

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Answer 11

Secreted from Hypothalamus

• Triggers secretion of LH and FSH (males)
• Stimulates production of LH and FSH (females)

Question 12

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males

Answer 12

Secreted from pituitary

-Supports sperm production

Question 13

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males

Answer 13

Secreted from pituitary

-Stimulates testosterone production

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

Secreted inside testes

• Controls structure and function of male reproductive tract
• Induces secondary sex characteristics and aggressive behavior

Question 15

Menstrual Cycle Hormones (5)

Answer 15

• GnRH
• FSH
• LH
• Estrogen
• Progesterone

Question 16

FSH/LH during menstrual cycle

Answer 16

• Secreted from pituitary
• Induce oocyte maturation
• Stimulate estrogen production

Question 17

LH during menstrual cycle

Answer 17

Spike of LH triggers ovulation

Question 18

Estrogen

Answer 18

Secreted from ovaries

• Thickening of endometrium
• Female reproductive tract development
• Secondary sex characteristics at puberty

Question 19

Progesterone

Answer 19

Secreted from ovaries

• Induce oocyte maturation
• Ready the uterus for pregnancy

Question 20

Ovaries

Answer 20

Oocyte production and maturation

-Estrogen and progesterone production

Question 21

Oviducts

Answer 21

Tubes that connect ovaries to the uterus

Question 22

Uterus

Answer 22

Site of embryo/fetal development

• Endometrium: inner lining
• Myometrium: outer layer of smooth muscle

Question 23

Cervix

Answer 23

Entrance of uterus

• Protects against infection
• Conducts sperm into uterus

Question 24

Cleavage

Answer 24

First stage after fertilization

• Results in many smaller cells
• Overall size of embryo does not change
• Ultimately forms Blastocyst

Question 25

Blastocyst

Answer 25

Hollow ball of cells - Contains inner cell mass which will develop into the fetus - Formed from cleavage

Question 26

Implantation

Answer 26

Burrowing of embryo into endometrial lining of uterus | -Occurs 6 days after fertilization during blastula stage

Question 27

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 27

Implantation into the oviduct

Question 28

Gastrulation

Answer 28

2nd stage of embryonic development - Formation of gastrula - Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 29

Endoderm

Answer 29

Innermost layer of gastrula | -lining of digestive system and some organs

Question 30

Mesoderm

Answer 30

Middle layer of gastrula | -Forms muscles and most inner organs

Question 31

Ectoderm

Answer 31

Outermost layer of gastrula | -Forms nervous system and skin

Question 32

Development of extraembryonic membrane

Answer 32

Weeks 3-8 | Amnion, Allantois, Chorion, Placenta

Question 33

Amnion

Answer 33

Membrane that encloses embryo in fluid filled sac

Question 34

Allantois

Answer 34

Forms part of the umbilical cord

Question 35

Chorion

Answer 35

Membrane that encloses the amnion and embryo

Question 36

Neonatal Period

Answer 36

1st | Primarily reflexive

Question 37

Infancy

Answer 37

Brain and muscle growth Bone hardening Eruption of teeth

Question 38

Childhood

Answer 38

Continued growth of all systems

Question 39

Adolescence

Answer 39

Lungs, kidneys, stomach, muscle, and skeletal growth Secretion of GnRH starts puberty -Brain maturity occurs last at about 25 years