Reproduction in Humans

Question 1

What are ovaries?

Answer 1

Organs that produce female gametes (eggs)

Question 2

What are oviducts?

Answer 2

Tubes from ovary to uterus (AKA fallopian tubes)

Question 3

What is the uterus?

Answer 3

The organ where a foetus develops before birth

Question 4

What is the vagina?

Answer 4

An opening from the uterus to the outside of the body

Question 5

What is the cervix?

Answer 5

A small hole between the uterus and vagina

Question 6

What are the testes?

Answer 6

The organs where the sperm is made

Question 7

What is the scrotum?

Answer 7

The ballsack

Question 8

What is the sperm duct?

Answer 8

A tube that transports sperm from testes to urethra

Question 9

What is the prostate gland?

Answer 9

The gland responsible for producing fluid in which sperm is transported

Question 10

What is the epididymis

Answer 10

The part of the testes where sperm is stored

Question 11

Describe an egg cell

Answer 11

Nucleus with chromosomes
Cytoplasm with yolk (energy stores)
Cell membrane
Jelly coat surrounding cell membrane

Question 12

Describe a sperm cell

Answer 12

Head contains nucleus to produce energy for swimming and acrosome, to dissolve the jelly coat of the egg (it contains enzymes)

Middle piece containing mitochondria to produce energy for swimming

Tail (Flagellum) to move faster

Question 13

What is implantation?

Answer 13

The attachment of the embryo to the lining to the uterus

Question 14

What is an embryo?

Answer 14

A ball of cells produced by repeated division of the zygote

Question 15

When does an embryo become a foetus?

Answer 15

When all the organs are formed

Question 16

What is the placenta?

Answer 16

A temporary organ inside the mother, used to transport nutrients from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood, but ensuring there is no direct blood contact.

Question 17

What is the amniotic sac?

Answer 17

A membrane surrounding a developing foetus in the uterus.

Question 18

What is amniotic fluid?

Answer 18

Liquid secreted by the amniotic sac, to support and protect the foetus.

Question 19

What is a follicle?

Answer 19

A structure in the ovary, where the egg develops

Question 20

What is menstruation?

Answer 20

When uterus lining is shed through the vagina

Question 21

What is puberty?

Answer 21

The time at which sexual maturity is reached (able to reproduce)

Question 22

(Triple) What are the two hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

Answer 22

FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinising hormone)

Question 23

(Triple) What are the two hormones secreted by the ovaries?

Answer 23

Progesterone and oestrogen

Question 24

(Triple) What is the function of FSH

Answer 24

Causes a follicle to develop in an ovary

Question 25

(Triple) What is the function of LH

Answer 25

Causes ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary)

Question 26

(Triple) What is the function of oestrogen

Answer 26

Causes uterus lining to thicken

Question 27

(Triple) What is the function of progesterone

Answer 27

Keeps uterus lining thick and spongy (to receive a fertilised egg)

Question 28

What is a corpus luteum?

Answer 28

A structure formed from the follicle after ovulation, which secretes progesterone. (If an egg is released, keep the uterus lining thick)

Question 29

What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

Day 0 - Follicle develops Day 14 - Ovulation Day 24 - Corpus luteum develops Day 28 - Restart

Question 30

What happens to the uterus wall throughout the menstrual cycle?

Answer 30

Day 0-5: Shedding (Menstruation) Day 5-24 Thickening Day 24-28 Maintenance

Question 31

Describe the patterns among LSH, FH, progesterone and oestrogen throughout the menstrual cycle

Answer 31

FSH and LH are relatively constant but peak at day 14 (ovulation) Oestrogen peaks at day 14 and day 23 Progesterone peaks at day 23. Oestrogen is not present days 0-7. Progesterone is not present days 0-14

Question 32

What is an STI?

Answer 32

A disease that is transmitted by sexual contact

Question 33

What are HIV and AIDS?

Answer 33

HIV is transmitted through contact of bodily fluids, and if not attended to, develops into AIDS after about 10 years. AIDS destroys white blood cells, sabotaging the immune system. A person with AIDS can die from a disease that is normally easily stopped

Question 34

What are the three ways HIV can be transmitted?

Answer 34

Sexual contact Blood contact Breast feeding (interacting with someone with HIV otherwise is safe)