REPRODUCTIVE PPT Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
Reproductive Organs become active in puberty (true or false)
A
true
2
Q
2 Reproductive Organs
A
Primary Sex Organs (Gonads) and Accessory Sex Organs
3
Q
Main function of Male/Female Reproductive System
A
produce offspring
4
Q
Fertilized Egg
A
zygote
5
Q
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM: Primary Sex Organ
A
Testes
6
Q
Male Accessory Sex Organ(s)
A
Duct System
Accessory Glands
External Genitalia
7
Q
- 4 cm by 2 cm
- Connected to trunk by Spermatic Cord
- Tunica Albuginea (“White Coat”)
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Interstitial Cells
A
testes
8
Q
DUCT SYSTEM
A
Epididymis, Ductus (Vas) Deferens, Urethra
9
Q
- 6m long
- Posterior to the Testes
- Maturation site of sperm cells
A
Epididymis
10
Q
- Runs upward from the epididymis
- Passes through the following structures:
- Inguinal Canal
- Pelvic Cavity
- Superior Aspect of the Urinary Bladder
- Ampulla
- Ejaculatory Duct
A
Ductus (Vas) Deferens
11
Q
- From base of urinary bladder to tip of penis
Regions:
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy Urethra
A
Urethra
12
Q
Regions:
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy Urethra
A
Urethra
13
Q
- Base of the Urinary Bladder
- Hollow
- 6 to 7 cm
Produces 60% of Seminal Fluid
A
seminal vesicles
14
Q
- Thick, yellowish
Contains:
Sugar (Fructose)
Vitamin C
Prostaglandins
A
Seminal Fluid
15
Q
- “Doughnut-Shaped”
- Inferior to the urinary bladder
Produces Prostate Fluid
A
Prostate Gland
16
Q
- Milky
- Activates Sperm
A
prostate fluid
17
Q
accessory glands
A
prostate gland and seminal vesicles
18
Q
ACCESSORY GLANDS
A
Bulbourethral Gland
19
Q
- “Pea-Sized”
- Inferior to the prostate gland
- Secretes mucus that drains to the urethra when man is sexually excited
A
Bulbourethral Gland
20
Q
Male EXTERNAL GENITALIA
A
scrotum
penis
penile erection
21
Q
- Sac of skin hanging outside of abdominal
cavity - Hangs loosely under normal conditions;
provides environment with a temperature
3°C lower than normal body temperature
A
scrotum
22
Q
- Delivers sperm into the female reproductive
tract.
Externally, we see: - Shaft
- Glans Penis (Tip)
- Prepuce
Internally:
- Spongy erectile tissue
A
penis
23
Q
PHYSIOLOGY
A
Spermatogenesis
Testosterone Production
Testosterone Production
24
Q
- Starts at puberty (lifetime)
- Forms at the seminiferous tubules
- Begins with spermatogonia ->
sperm cells
A
Spermatogenesis
25
Stimulates the development of male
reproductive structures and male
secondary sexual characteristics
Testosterone Production
26
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM: Primary Sex Organ
ovaries
27
Female Accessory Sex Organ(s)
Duct System
External Genitalia and Perineum
28
OVARIES
- “Almond-Shaped”
- Ovarian Follicles
- Graafian Follicle/ Vesicular Follicle
- Follicle Cells
29
female DUCT SYSTEM
Uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
30
- Fallopian Tubes
- Fertilization Sites
- 10cm (4 in)
- Infundibulum
- Fimbrae
- Contain Cilia to create wave-like
movements that propel the oocy
uterine tubes
31
- Hollow organ
- Suspended by uterosacral
ligaments and round ligaments
-body
- fundus
-cervix
uterus
32
Layers of Uterine Wall
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
33
- Tube-Like
- 10cm (4 in)
- Extends from the Cervix to the
body exterior
- Passageway of menstrual flow and
the delivery of the infant
vagina
34
thin fold of mucosa at the
distal end of the vagina
hymen
35
female reproductive PHYSIOLOGY
oogenesis and hormone production
36
- Starts at the developing female fetus
- Maturation of oocytes happens at puberty
- Begins with oogonia -> secondary
oocyte
oogenesis
37
- Stimulates the development of female
reproductive structures and female
secondary sexual characteristics
- Aids in maintaining pregnancy and
prepares breasts for lactation
Hormone production
38
Cyclic changes in the ________ in response to changing levels of hormones in the blood
endometrium
39
Cyclic production of estrogen and progesterone regulated by the anterior pituitary gonadotropic
hormones, FSH and LH.
true
40
Uterine cycle AKA _____
menstrual cycle
41
UTERINE CYCLE or menstrual cycle is Approx 28 days
true
42
Shedding off (sloughing off) of endometrial
lining from uterine wall
- Detached tissues and blood pass through
vagina (menstrual flow or “period”)
- Day 5: Production of more estrogens in
ovaries
Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)
43
- Regeneration of endometrium; formation of
glands and increase in blood supply.
- Ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of
this stage
Proliferative Phase (Days 6-14)
44
- Further increase in blood supply of
endometrium
- Secretion of nutrients from the endometrial
glands (sustains embryo, if present) until
implantation
- If fertilization occurs, embryo secretes LH-like
hormone human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG)to further stimulate corpus luteum
Secretory Phase (Days 15-28)
45
If Fertilization
DOES NOT occur:
- Degeneration of the corpus
luteum towards the end of
Secretory Phase
- Decrease of LH
true
46
- The time period between the fertilization of an oocyte until birth
PREGNANCY
47
time period between last menstrual cycle until birth
Gestation
48
From fertilization through Week 8
Gestation
49
from Week 9 through birth
Fetal Period
50
- Zygote
When the sperm reaches a ovulated
secondary oocyte
Fertilized oocyte
51
Called Parturition
Occurs within 15 days of calculated due date
CHILDBIRTH
52
the events that expel the infant from
the uterus
Labor
53
Oxytocin and Prostaglandins
Hormones that initiate labor
54
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IMBALANCES
Erectile Dysfunction
Prostate Cancer
Male Infertility
55
- Failure to achieve erection
- Also called Impotence
Erectile Dysfunction
56
Manifested with elevated PSA (Prostate
Specific Antigen) levels, esp. for Males
55 y/o and above
- Enlargement of the prostate also a
manifestation
prostate cancer
57
- Inability or reduced ability to produce
offspring.
- Commonly caused by low sperm count
(less than 20 million sperm cells/ml)
- May be caused by low levels of hormones
(Testosterone, FSH, LH)
Male Infertility
58
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IMBALANCES
Amenorrhea
breast cancer
ectopic pregnancy
female infertility
59
Absence of a menstrual cycle
amenorrhea
60
2 types of amenorrhea
primary and secondary amenorrhea
61
pituitary gland defect (no menstruation at beginning of puberty)
primary amenorrhea
62
if a female has had normal menstrual cycles and later
stops menstruating (may also be pituitary gland-related)
secondary amenorrhea
63
- Commonly involve the epithelium of the
mammary gland
- Mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
(for 30-40% of inherited cancers)
Environmental Factors:
Exposure to ionizing radiation, high dietary
fat intake and obesity
breast cancer
64
- If implantation occurs anywhere other than
in the uterine cavity
Ectopic Preganancy
65
- Malfunctions of the uterine tubes
- Decreased FSH and LH
- Endometriosis
Female Infertility
