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Reproductive System Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Is a system responsible for the production of gamete, fertilization, development and nourishment of a new individual, and production of sex hormones

A

Reproductive System

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2
Q

Process by which organisms produce offspring by making germ cells (gametes)

A

Sexual Reproduction

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3
Q

A specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system

A

Gynecology

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4
Q

A golf ball sized structure and primary reproductive organ of male. Produces sperm (exocrine) and testorterone (endocrine)

Attached in the spermatic cord and covered by Tunica Albuginea

A

Testes

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5
Q

Masculinizing Hormone

A

Testosterone

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6
Q

Contents of Spermatic Cord

A

Vein, artery, and ductus deferens

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7
Q

The actual sperm- forming factories

A

Seminiferous Tubules (exocrine)

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8
Q

Produces androgens

A

Interstitial Cells (endocrine)

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9
Q

Parts of Duct System

A
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
  • Urethra
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10
Q

First part of duct system located in the posterior testes. A cup shaped convoluted tubule that functions as temporary storage (up to 20 days) of sperm (immature)

A

Epididymis

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11
Q

Aka Vas deferens. Runs superiorly from epididymis via spermatic cord and functions by propelling mature sperm from the epididymis into the urethra. (peristalsis)

A

Ductus Deferens

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12
Q

Surgical resection of the vas deferens. Sperm can no longer reach the exterior of the body.

A

Vasectomy

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13
Q

Last part of the duct system and also involved in urinary system. It carries both urine and sperm. (Has 3 regions)

A

Urethra

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14
Q

Give the 3 regions of Urethra

A

Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy (Penile) Urethra

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15
Q

region of urethra surrounded by prostate gland

A

Prostatic Urethra

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16
Q

region of urethra that spans the distance from the prostatic urethra to the penis

A

Membranous Urethra

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17
Q

region of urethra that runs within the length of the penis and opening the body exterior via the external urethral orifice

A

Spongy (penile) urethra

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18
Q

What sphincter is responsible so the sperm and urine do not go out at the same time?

A

Bladder Sphincter

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19
Q

Spongy tissue that fills with blood during sexual excitement

A

Erectile Tissue

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20
Q

A large and hollow gland located at the base of the urinary bladder. Produces 60% of the seminal fluid.

A

Seminal Vesicles

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21
Q

Secretion component of seminal vesicle

A
  • Sugar (fructose)
  • Vit C
  • Prostaglandins
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22
Q

Responsible for the nourishment and activation of the sperm that passes through the tract

A

Secretory component

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23
Q

Seminal Vesicle + Vas deferens

A

Ejaculatory Duct

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24
Q

Donut- shaped gland located in the anterior of the rectum. Functions by producing prostate fluid.

A

Prostate Gland

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25
Milky and plays a role in activating the sperm
Prostate Fluid
26
Tiny pea-sized gland and located inferior to the prostate gland. Produces thick and clear mucus
Bulbourethral Gland
27
Where does the thick clear mucus of bulbourethral glands drain into?
Penile Urethra
28
Function of thick clear mucus bulbourethral gland produces
- the FIRST to pass down the urethra when a man is sexually excited - CLEANSES the urethra from any trace of urine - serves as a LUBRICANT during sex
29
2 parts of External Genitalia
- Scrotum - Penis
30
Divided sac of skin with sparse hair and acts as a "climate control system" for the testes.
Scrotum
31
Temperature of the scrotum
3°C lower than normal
32
Why is the temperature in scrotum lower than normal?
Viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temparature
33
Has 3 parts and transports sperm to the female reproductive tract
Penis
34
3 parts of the penis
- Shaft - Glans Penis - Prepuce/ Foreskin (Circumcision)
35
What is the cheif role of the male reproductive process?
Produce sperm and testosterone
36
Primitive stem cells in male
Spermatogonia
37
Sperm production. Starts during puberty and continues throughout life. Occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
Spermatogenesis
38
2 types of primitive stem cell in male
Type A- remain a stem cell Type B- becomes primary spermatocyte that should undergo meiosis
39
primitive stem cell in male that remains as stem cell
Type A
40
primitive stem cell in male that becomes primary spermatocyte that should undergo meiosis (cell division between gametes)
Type B
41
In spermatogenesis, what are gametes called?
Spermatids
42
Has 23 chromosomes not functional and non motile
Spermatids
43
Last stage of sperm development
Spermiogenesis
44
What is the sperm content in spermiogenesis?
- Head ( nucleus and compacted DNA - Midpiece - Tail (Filaments)
45
breaks down and releases enzymes that helps the penetration of sperm to the egg capsule
Acrosome
46
needed for the whiplike movement of the tail (flagella)
ATP
47
How many days does it take for the process of sperm production and maturation?
64-72 days
48
Life of the sperm
- Spermatogonia (primitive) - Spermatocyte - Spermatid - Sperm
49
produces testosterone (important hormonal product of the testes)
Interstitial Cells
50
Functions of testosterone
- Growth spurt -Maturation of reproductive organ - Underlies sex drive - Promotes the appearance of secondary sex characteristics
51
What are the secondary sex characteristics?
- Deepening of the voice - Increase in hair growth in axillary pubi and face - Skeletal muscle enlargement
52
Male sexual stages
1. Penile Erection 2. Ejaculation 3. Resolution
53
Sexual stimulation and occurs when the corpora cavernosa muscle relaxes
Penile Erection
54
2 causes of penile erection
Psychogenic stimuli - aroused by what they see (governed by limbic system) somatogenic stimuli- aroused by touch
55
Caused by heightened sexual experience (orgasm) and there is contraction of genital organs result in semen expulsion
Ejaculation
56
Final stage and due to the contraction of corpora cavernosa
Resolution
57
Milky white, sticky mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretion.
Semen
58
Amount of semen propelled out
2-5 mL (50 - 150 million sperm in each milliliter)
59
provides essentially all of energy fuel of sperm
Fructose in the seminal vesicle
60
Sperm contains;
- Liquid portion as transport medium - Sperms - Antiobiotic chemicals (destroy bacteria) - Relaxin - Enzymes that encrease sperm motility - Substance that inhibit an immune response in fem rep tract
61
Much more complex than male
Reproductive role of female
62
Produce the female gametes (ova) and nurture and protect a developing fetus during pregnancy
Female Reproductive System
63
almond shape primary reproductive organ located lateral to the uterus. Produces egg cell and excretes estrogen and progesterone
Ovaries
64
Part of the ovaries (internal)
Ovarian Follicles Corpus Luteum
65
Tiny sac like structure that has oocyte (follicle cell- covers the oocyte and in maturation it will develop antrum- fluid filled central region)
Ovarian Follicle
66
ruptured follicle after ovulation
Corpus Luteum
67
Oocyte ejection from the ovary every 28 days
Ovulation
68
Parts of the duct system in female
- Uterine tubes (Fallopian tube) - Uterus - Vagina
69
Receives fertilized oocyte and also a site of fertilization. Located medial to each ovary and distal end connected to infundibulum. Has fimbriae
uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
70
How many days before oocyte enters uterus
3-4
71
Viable time for oocyte
24 hours
72
Fingerlike projection that partially cover each ovary upon expulsion
Fimbriae
73
Pear shape organ that receives, retain, and nourish fertilized egg. Located between urinary bladder and rectum
Uterus
74
Parts of the uterus
- Body - Fundus - Cervix
75
Parts of the uterine wall
- Endometrium - Myometrium - Perimetrium
76
Inner most layer where fertilization occurs. Wherein the embryo implants itself and resides there. Discarded every 28 days through the process of menstruation.
Endometrium
77
Bulky middle layer that contracts rhythmically during childbirth
Myometrium
78
Outermost layer aka visceral peritoneum
Perimetrium
79
Aka birth canal and a femal organ for copulation (sex). Located between the bladder and rectum. A passageway for menstrual flow and infant delivery
Vagina
80
Thin fold mucos at the distal vagina. Vascular and tends to bleed but its durability varies.
Hymen
81
Reproductive structure found on the outside of the body. Aka Vulva
External Genitalia
82
Components of external genitalia (vulva)
- Mons pubis - Labia - Clitoris - Urethral and Vaginal orifices - Greater vestibular gland
83
Fatty rounded area overlying pubic symphysis. Has pubic hair after puberty
Mons pubis
84
2 parts of labia
- Majora - Minora
85
Two elongated hair covered skin folds. Posterior to mons pubis has vestibule and external urethral openings.
Labia Majora
86
Two delicate hair free folds
Labia minora
87
Small protrusion homologous to male penis and located to anterior vestibule
Clitoris
88
Lubricates the distal end of the vagina during intercourse. located lateral to each side of vagina
Greater vestibular glands
89
Diamond shaped region between anterior labial fold ends including the anus and 2 ischial tuberosities
Perineum
90
starts in her 50s also called reproductive cessation
Menopause
91
Stimulates estrogen (feminine effects, facilitates ca+) and progesterone (maintains pregnancy and prepares breast for milk production)
Follicle stimulating hormone
92
process of new egg cell production
Oogenesis
93
Female stem cells (fetus)
Oogonia
94
Pushes into ovarian connective tissue forming primary follicles. Stays non fuctional for 10-14 years
Oocyte
95
The monthly cyclic changes occurring in the ovary.
Ovarian Cycle
96
Ovarian Cycle
- FSH activated at puberty stimulates a small amount of 1 oocyte to grow and mature - Meiosis takes place will produce 2 oocyte (2nd oocyte -large and polar body- tiny) - Follicle contains the secondary oocyte (Vesicular Follicle Stage)
97
Lower abdominal pain during ovulation due to the stretching of the ovarian walls. Happens when the follicle has matured from the vesicular follicle stage (14 days)
Mittelschmer
98
Series of cyclic changes that the endometrium goes through monthly (28 days)
Uterine Cycle
99
Sloughing off of the functional layer of thin endometrial lining.
Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
100
Average blood loss in menstrual phase
50-150 ml
101
What day is the production of more estrogen by the ovarian follicles
Day 5
102
Endometrium becomes velvety, thin, and well vascularized. Hormone involved Luteinizing hormone (triggers ovulation)
Day 6-14 proliferative phase
103
Increased blood supply and nutrients in the endometrium that prepares itself for sustaining the developing embryo
Day 15-28 Secretory phase
104
Phases of uterine cycle
- 1-5 menstrual phase - 6-14 Proliferative phase - 15- 28 secretory phase

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