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Respiratory System Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be transported to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body via blood stream

A

Respiratory Gas Transport

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3
Q

Act of moving air in and out of the lungs. Commonly called breathing

A

Ventilation (Pulmonary Ventilation)

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4
Q

Only law that explains or governs the ventilation.
“As we inhale, the air go inside of the lungs and as we exhale the air goes outside the lungs.

A

Boyle’s law

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5
Q

Pulmonary blood flow (5-6L/ min)

A

Perfusion

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6
Q

Which part of the lungs has the greatest perfusion

A

Base of the lungs (Upright)

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7
Q

Normal ventilation- perfusion ratio

A

0.8 or 80%

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8
Q

Gas exchange

A

Respiration

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9
Q

2 types of gas exchange (respiration)

A

Internal and External respiration

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10
Q

Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries

A

External Respiration

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11
Q

Gas exchange between capillaries and tissues

A

Internal Respiration

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12
Q

Final line of defense for respiratory system. Found in alveoli and also known as dust cells.

(Picks out most of the bacteria)

A

Alveolar Macrophages

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13
Q

Forms most of the alveolar wall and produces lipid molecule called surfactant (coats the gas exposed alveolar surfaces.)

A

Cuboidal Surfactant- secreting cells

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14
Q

Movement occurs toward the lower concentration to higher concentration

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

Give the organs of the respiratory tract

A

Upper
- Nose
- Pharynx (Naso, Oro, and Laryngo)
- Larynx

Lower (Tracheobronchial Tree)
Conducting Zone
-Trachea
-Main Bronchi
- Lobar Bronchi
- Segmental Bronchi
- Terminal Bronchi

Respiratory Zone
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Alveoli
- Capillaries

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16
Q

The only externally visible part of the system. Large and has mucosal surface. Functions to filter and humidify air. Has vibrissae

A

Nose

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17
Q

Hair in the nose that filters and humidifies the air

A

Vibrissae

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18
Q

Both a respi and GI organ. A muscular passageway about 13 cm long. Aka throat and has 3 parts.

A

Pharynx

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19
Q

3 part of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx (same function as the nose)
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx (conduits of air)

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20
Q

Voice box. Responsible for voice and sound production. Ensures that air will pass through the trachea. Common site for emergency intubation

A

Larynx

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21
Q

Give the 9 cartilages of Larynx

A

Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid (2), Corniculate (2), Cuneiform (2), and Epiglottis

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22
Q

Guardian of the airways and protects the opening of the larynx

A

Epiglottis

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23
Q

Windpipe. 10-12 cm or about 4 inches. C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage and most common site of intubation.

A

Trachea

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24
Q

Has carina and Right bronchi

25
Where main bronchi divides
Carina
26
Common resting place for large aspirated object
Right Bronchi
27
Narrower, longer, and more horizontal than the right bronchi
Left Bronchi
28
Acinus, functional unit of the lungs
Respiratory Zone
29
300 million in total in both lungs. Structural unit of the lungs
Alveoli
30
Occupies the thoracic cavity and divided into 4 lobes
Lungs
31
Covers the lungs and its fissures, sensitive to stretch
Visceral pleura
32
Covers the inside part of the thoracic wall and sensitive to pain
Parietal Pleura
33
Lubricates the plurae and is also a shock absorber
Pleural Fluid
34
Pressure found inside the pleural space
Negative Pressure
35
Normal pressure inside the pleural space
-4mmHG
36
Cells in the lungs
Type 1 and 2
37
Flat cells lining the alveoli
Type 1 cells
38
synthesizes surfactant (reduces surface tension and prevents lung collapse)
Type 2 cells
39
Protects the lungs
Thoracic Wall (Ribcage)
40
Boundaries of the Thoracic Wall
Anterior (Sternum) Posterior (Thoracic Vertebrae) Lateral (Ribs) Superior (Thoracic Outlet) Inferior (Diaphragm)
41
Thoracic Cage Mechanism
Pump Handle Motion Bucket Handle Motion Caliper Motion Piston Action
42
Increases anterior- posterior diameter of thorax. Structure involved are sternum and Ribs 1-6
Pump Handle Motion
43
Increases lateral diameter of thorax. Structure involve are ribs 7-8
Bucket Handle Motion
44
Increases intercostal spaces. Structure involve ribs 8-12
Caliper Motion
45
Action of the diaphragm muscle. Inhale: downward and outward Exhale: upward and inward
Piston Action
46
Diaphragm and external intercostal are involved in this respiration
Relaxed Inspiration
47
Use of accessory muscle (SUPAS) of respiration.
Forces Inspiration
48
No muscle involved.(Elastic and passive recoil of lungs and thorax)
Relaxed Expiration
49
Muscle involved in this expiration are ASI (abdominals, serratus posterior inferior, and internal intercostals
Forced Expiration
50
controls of respiration
Dorsal and Ventral Respiratory Group Pneumotaxic Center Apneustic Center Chemoreceptor
51
Located in dorsal medulla, and is responsible for INSPIRATION and rhythm of respiration. (Inspiratory Ramp Signal 2 sec on and 3 sec off)
Dorsal Respiratory Group (DIN)
52
Located in ventro lateral medulla and reponsible for expiration and sligh inspiration. Responsible for Expiration
Ventral Respiratory group (VEX)
53
Located in the upper pons. Limits inspiration by switching off the inspiratory ramp signal. Controls rate and depth
Pneumotaxic Center
54
Located in the lower pons. Prevents switching off of inspi ramp signal. Contradicts Pneumotaxic Center
Apneustic Center
55
Located in ventral medulla and is stimulated by increased hydrogen ions
Chemoreceptor (Central)
56
Located in carotid and aortic bodies and is stimulated by decrease Pa02 and increase in PaCO2 and acidosis
Chemoreceptor Peripheral
57
Non neural Factors
Physical Factor (Increase in body tempt) Volition (Conscious Control) Emotional Factor
58
Diaphragm movement when inhaling and exhaling
Inhale- contract and move downward Exhale- relaxes and move up

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