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Anaphy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Digestive System function (3)

A

Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

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2
Q

2 parts of digestive system

A

Alimentary canal (GI tract)
Accessory organs

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3
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Teeth
Salivary Gland
Tongue
Pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder

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4
Q

Aka dentes has 2 sets; deciduous teeth (20) permanent teeth (32)

A

Teeth

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5
Q

Deciduous Teeth (20) is composed of

A

Incissors (4)
Canines (2)
Molars (4)

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6
Q

Permanent Teeth (32) is composed of

A

Canines (2)
Premolars (4)
Incissors (4)
Molars (6)

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7
Q

First teeth to erupt

A

2 lower incissors sa middle at 6 months

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8
Q

Secretes saliva into the mouth

A

Salivary Gland

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9
Q

Composition of Saliva (N= 1,000- 1,500 mL)

A

99.5% water
0.5% solutes
IgA (immunoglobulin A- protects the mouth from bacteria)

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10
Q

2 types of protein in the saliva

A

Mucin and Salivary Amylase

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11
Q

Mucin function

A

Mucus secretion
Brings moisture to food & binds them together to form BOLUS

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12
Q

Salivary Amylase (aka ptyalin) function

A

Serous secretion
Starch digesting enzyme

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13
Q

3 glands of salivary gland

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual

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14
Q

Controls of salivary gland

A

Sympa- decrease
Para- increase

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15
Q

Floor of the mouth

A

Tongue

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16
Q

Muscles of the tongue

A

Extrinsic ms
- Movt of the tongue side to side, in and out
Intrinsic ms
- Altering the shape of the tongue
Taste buds
- Receptors for the taste

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17
Q

Has both endocrine and exocrine function. Located in the greater curvature of the stomach. has pancreatic juice (1,200- 1500 ml)

A

Pancreas

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18
Q

Enzymes of Pancreatic Juice

A

Pancreatic Amylase - Carbohydrate digesting enzyme
Trypsinogen Aka “Trypsin” - Protein digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Lipase- Triglyceride digesting enzyme

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19
Q

Carbohydrate digesting enzyme

A

Pancreatic Amylase

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20
Q

Aka “Trypsin” Protein digesting enzyme
Should always remain inactive in the level of the pancreas

A

Trypsinogen

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21
Q

Brush border villi Responsible for converting trypsinogen to trypsin

A

Enterokinase

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22
Q

Triglyceride digesting enzyme

A

Pancreatic Lipase

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23
Q

Relaxation of sphincter of oddi

A

Release of cholecystokinin
Peristaltic wave in the common bile duct
Intestinal wave

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24
Q

Heaviest gland 2nd largest organ

25
Functional unit of liver. Responsible for production of bile.
Lobule
26
responsible for emulsification of fats
Bile
27
Bile composition (800- 1000mL)
Water Cholesterol Bile salts Bile pigment
28
Inferior to liver and function as a storage of bile
Gall bladder
29
Ducts of gall bladder
Hepatic ducts Common hepatic duct Cystic duct Common bile duct Hepatopancreatic ampulla
30
Alimentary Canal
Mouth Pharynx Larynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
31
Buccal or Oral Cavity
Mouth
32
Walls of the mouth
Lateral= Cheek Ant. Roof= Hard Palate Post. Roof= Soft Palate Floor= Tongue
33
Aka “Throat” - 3 parts Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
Pharynx
34
Aka “Deglutition” Movement of food from the mouth to stomach
Act of swallowing
35
Stages of Act of swallowing
Voluntary Stage (passageway of bolus into the oropharynx) Pharyngeal Stage (bolus at oropharynx; fastest stage) Esophageal Stage (bolus at esophagus)
36
(+) receptor that sends info to deglutition center (lower pons & medulla)
Oropharynx
37
Deglutition center will command the ff:
Soft palate + uvula (will move up to close off the nasopharynx) Larynx (forward + upward) Epiglotis (backward + downward) to widen the opening of the esophagus
38
25 cm long Composed of a smooth muscle no digestive enzymes no absorption Passageway of bolus
Esophagus
39
2 sphincter of esophagus
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Lower Esophageal Sphincter (cardioesophageal sphincter)
40
C or J- shaped Storage of food (4L or 1 gallon)
stomach
41
Parts of the stomach
Cardia - Opening portion Fundus - Broad portion Body - central/ middle portion Pylorus - terminal portion (+) pyloric sphincter
42
movt of bolus in the stomach
forward backward
43
Tubular Glands of the stomach
Gastric Gland Pyloric Gland
44
has gastric juice (2,000- 3,000 mL)
Gastric Gland
45
Cells in gastric gland
Mucus neck cell (produce mucus) Chief cell (pepsinogen = pepsin) Parietal cell (intrinsic factor - reabsorption of vit 12 at ileum + HCl- activation of pepsinogen to pepsin)
46
Cell of pyloric gland
Gcell
47
Secretes hormone “gastrin” (maturation, growth, & development of gastric gland) Inhibition= Somatostatin
G cell
48
Longest alimentary canal, major digestive organ, major events of absorption Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Small Intestine
49
Has enterogastric reflex (tightening of sphincter)
small intestine
50
Hormones in the small intestine
Secretin (stimulates the liver & pancreas) Cholecystokinin (contraction of the bladder)
51
3-6 hour journey, bolus at the end of the stomach Heavy cream/ white cream in appearance (2-3 teaspoon)
Chyme
52
what happens to the chyme in small intestine
Chyme at the duodenum= duodenal wall stretches= stimulates intestinal wave= Activation of hormones (secretin & cholecystokinin)
53
Largest Alimentary canal. Parts (cecum- has ileocecal sphincter, rectum- when stretched it produces defecation reflex, anal canal, anus) function is hustral contraction
Large intestine
54
has iliocecal sphincter and good bacteria (responsible for fermentation of stool- produces 500ml methane gas) undigested food stays for 72 hours
Large Intestine
55
Enteric Nervous System
Myenteric/ Auerbach Plexus (movement for GIT) (peristalsis) Submucosa/ Meissners Plexus (secretions & blood flow for the GIT)
56
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide- simple sugar ( glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose) Disaccharide - double sugar Polysaccharide- many sugar (starch, glycogen)
57
what r examples of disaccharide
SUCROSE: glucose + fructose LACTOSE: glucose + galactose MALTOSE: glucose + glucose
58
Events of Digestion
Mouth (Salivary Amylase - starch - MALTOSE) Stomach (Pepsin - Protein- LARGE POLYPEPTIDE) Small Intestine ( Trypsin - Large polypeptide- PEPTIDE) (Pancreatic Lipase + Bile - Triglyceride - MONOGLYCERIDE, FATTY ACID, AMINO ACID) (Pancreatic Amylase + brush border villi- Disaccharide - monosaccharide)

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