Reproductive system 🤰 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the 2 types of reproduction
Sexual and asexual reproduction
What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction with their meanings?
Spore formation – A tiny cell (spore) grows into a new organism when it lands in a good place.
Budding – A small part of the parent grows into a new organism and breaks off.
Binary fission – One organism splits into two equal parts to make new ones.
Vegetative propagation – A new plant grows from a part of the parent plant (like a stem or root).
What is regeneration and is it sexual or asexual?
Regeneration is when an organism regrows a part of their body (e.g. lizards). Regeneration is neither sexual nor asexual because because it is the creation new body parts without fertilization.
Define fertilization?
Fertilization is the fission or combination of the chromosomes from both parents.
What are gametes?
Reproductive/sex cells
What is gametogenesis, where does it occur, and what cell division does it involve?
Gametogenesis is the process where organs in the body make gametes.
It happens in the testes (for sperm) and ovaries (for eggs), and involves meiosis, which cuts the chromosome number in half.
What is the process from an egg and sperm cell to a newborn baby?
Sperm + Egg (fertilization) → Zygote → Morula → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fetus → Baby
What are the 2 types of nucleus- in gametes?
Haploid- 1 set of chromosomes (23)
Diploid- 2 sets of chromosomes (46)
What are the steps of reproduction?
Ovulation
Fertilization
Zygote formation
Cell division (morula → blastocyst).
Implantation
Embryo stage
Fetus stage
Birth
What are the 7 parts of the male reproductive system and functions?
Testes – Make sperm and the hormone testosterone.
Vas deferens – A tube that carries sperm from the testes to the penis.
Penis – The organ that delivers sperm into the female body.
Urethra – The tube that carries sperm and urine out of the body (but not at the same time).
Scrotum – The pouch of skin that holds the testes and keeps them cool.
Seminal vesicle – Adds liquid to the sperm to make semen.
Prostate gland – Adds more fluid to help sperm move.
What are the 7 parts of the female reproductive system and functions?
Ovary – Makes eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Fallopian tube – The tube where the egg travels and fertilization happens (where sperm meets egg).
Fimbriae – Tiny finger-like parts that catch the egg from the ovary and guide it into the fallopian tube.
Uterus – A muscular organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.
Cervix – The narrow opening between the uterus and vagina.
Vagina – The canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body (also called the birth canal).
What is cleavage in reproduction and when does it occur?
Mitotic divisions without splitting. Cleavage helps form a ball of cells (called a morula), which later becomes a blastocyst.
Define implantation
Embedding of blastocyst in the endometrium of the uterus.
What is the gestation period?
Time it takes for the fetus to develop (pregnancy)
What are the 3 parts of the fallopian tube and their functions?
Ampulla: region for fertilization
Isthmus: Narrow part of the fallopian tube, helps move the egg to the uterus
Fundus: Top part of the uterus, above where the fallopian tubes connect.
Define ovulation
When the eggs are released by the ovaries into the fallopian tube (more specifically the ampulla region)
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium: outer layer
Endometrium: center layer
Myometrium: inner layer
What are the 2 types of chromosomes
autosomes- control body traits
sex chromosomes- decide if you’re male or female
How do your sex chromosomes decide if your a male or female?
Millions of sperm enter the female body, and some carry an X chromosome while others carry a Y chromosome. If an X sperm fertilizes the egg (which always has an X), the baby will be female (XX). If a Y sperm fertilizes the egg, the baby will be male (XY).
Why is it XX and not simply x for females. And why is it XY and not y for males?
The egg always has an X chromosome. The sperm has either X or Y. When they join, the baby gets two chromosomes — XX for a girl or XY for a boy.
Why is the zona pellucida important in the process of reproduction?
Because it prevents the morula from embedding on the fallopian tube, and it makes sure only one sperm fertilizes the egg cell.
What happens during Ectopic pregnancy?
If the morula is implanted in the fallopian tube, the fallopian tube could burst and both the female and child would die because of incorrect placement. (miscarriage)
Where does the blastocyst embeds itself?
On the endometrium
What are 2 two types of body cells in reproduction?
Somatic cells- all the cells in an organism’s, except for the reproductive cell (2N)
Gametes- reproductive cells (N)
