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Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) > Reproductive System Deck > Flashcards

Reproductive System Deck Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

organs of the male reproductive system

A

the testes, seminal vesicles, seminal ducts, prostate gland, Cowper’s glands, the penis

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2
Q

male gonads

A

the testes

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3
Q

testes

A

produce sperm

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4
Q

sperm

A

the male sex cells

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5
Q

function of testosterone

A

to help the sperm to mature

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6
Q

testosterone

A

causes secondary male sex characteristics to appear (ex.: the growth of facial hair, an increase in the size of muscles, the deepening of the voice)

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7
Q

the testes are suspended outside of the body

A

low temperature is needed for the sperm to develop safely

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8
Q

location of the epididymis

A

at the top part of the testis

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9
Q

epididymis

A

stores sperm until they become mature or motile

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10
Q

vas deferens

A

(ductus deferens) connects with the epididymis; act as a passageway and temporary storage area for sperm

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11
Q

seminal vesicles

A

each seminal vesicle adds fluid rich in sugar that nourishes the sperm

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12
Q

semen

A

the term for the fluid rich in sugar that nourishes the sperm that is thick, yellow fluid and the sperm together

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13
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

two short tubes formed when the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles join

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14
Q

location of the prostate gland

A

below the urinary bladder

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15
Q

function of the prostate gland

A

to secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings

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16
Q

fluid secreted by the prostate gland

A

serves to both protect the sperm and help them to move

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17
Q

location of the Cowper’s glands

A

two small glands located below the prostate

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18
Q

function of the Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands

A

to secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings to help sperm survive and to secrete fluid that lubricates the inside of the urethra to help the semen move more easily

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19
Q

function of the penis

A

to, as the male organ for intercourse, deposit semen into the female vagina

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20
Q

organs associated with the female reproductive system

A

the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts

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21
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

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22
Q

production of the ovaries

A

ova

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23
Q

ova

A

the female sex cells

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24
Q

ovulation

A

the process by which about every 28 days, a single ovum matures and the follicle it is in breaks open to release it

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25
each ovary
contains thousands of small sacs called follicles where immature ova are stored
26
function of estrogen and progesterone
to help with the development of the female reproductive organs and to cause secondary female sex characteristics to appear (ex.: the enlargement of the breasts, the broadening of the hips, the growth of pubic hair)
27
location of the fallopian tubes
above the ovaries but are not directly connected to them
28
function of the fallopian tubes
to be the usual location of fertilization
29
fertilization
when an ovum and a sperm join to create new life
30
after ovulation
the ovum is swept into one of the two fallopian tubes by fingerlike projections called fimbriae
31
peristalsis
muscle contractions that move the ovum to the uterus
32
cilia
tiny hairs that line the tubes and also help guide the ovum to the uterus
33
uterus
a hollow, pear-shaped, and highly muscular organ that lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum
34
function of the uterus
to provide for the development and growth of the fetus if pregnancy occurs
35
three layers of the uterine wall
the endometrium, the myometrium, the perimetrium
36
endometrium
the innermost layer of the uterine wall
37
myometrium
the middle layer of the uterine wall
38
perimetrium
the outermost layer of the uterine wall
39
endometrium
contains a thick lining of blood tissues
40
if a fertilized ovum implants on its surface (endometrium)
will nourish the developing fetus
41
if fertilization does not occur (endometrium)
the surface breaks down and is shed from the female body along with the unfertilized ovum
42
menstruation
the process of the endometrium's surface being broken down and shed from the female body along with the unfertilized ovum if pregnancy does not occur
43
anatomical makeup of the myometrium
three layers of smooth muscle, which stretch and expand as a fetus grows
44
the three layers of smooth muscle of the myometrium
during childbirth, the muscles contract to help push the fetus out of the uterus when giving birth
45
function of the perimetrium
to act as a protective membrane
46
functions of the vagina
to serve as a passageway for menstrual flow, to be the female organ for intercourse, to expand its muscle tissue to accommodate the penis during intercourse as well as the passage of a baby during childbirth
47
vulva
the external structures of the female reproductive system grouped together
48
different parts of the vulva
the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora
49
location of the clitoris
the junction of the labia minora
50
functions of the clitoris
to provide sexual arousal when stimulated and to help the vagina to become lubricated
51
location of the Bartholin's glands (vestibular glands)
in the space between the labia minora
52
function of the Bartholin's glands (vestibular glands)
to secrete fluid into the vagina for lubrication during intercourse
53
the menstrual cycle
the process in which a woman's body goes through a series of hormone-driven events to get ready for possible pregnancy
54
menstrual phase
where the period occurs (since there is no pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone hormone levels drop)
55
period
(occurs in women) a combination of blood, mucus, and tissue is released from the uterus
56
follicular phase
starts on the first day of a woman's period and ends when ovulation begins
57
hypothalamus during the follicular phase
sends a signal to the pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone or FSH
58
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates the ovaries to produce around 5 to 20 follicles
59
each follicle during the follicular phase
contains an immature egg (only the healthiest egg will mature, the rest are reabsorbed by the body)
60
the maturation of only the healthiest egg
triggers a surge of estrogen to thicken the uterine lining
61
ovulation phase
starts when rising estrogen levels in the follicular phase trigger the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH)
62
luteinizing hormone (LH)
starts ovulation
63
ovulation
occurs when the woman's body releases the mature egg
64
the only time pregnancy can occur
when the egg travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus to be fertilized by sperm
65
luteal phase
after the follicle releases its egg, it changes into the corpus luteum
66
corpus luteum
releases hormones, mainly progesterone and some estrogen
67
breasts (mammary glands)
contain fatty tissue and a system of ducts that produce milk and transport it to the nipples
68
the milk produced by the mammary glands
is secreted after childbirth to nurse the infant
69
infertility
the inability to conceive or produce a child
70
some causes of infertility
may be damage to the fallopian tubes, low sperm count, an imbalance of hormones
71
possible factor of infertility
delaying childbearing until later years
72
artificial insemination
sperm is placed directly in a woman's uterus or fallopian tube
73
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
ova are removed and combined with sperm outside the body
74
in vitro fertilization (IVF) (fertilization)
when the egg is fertilized, it is transferred to the uterus in the female
75
the spreads of STDs
passed from person to person primarily through sexual contact and the exchange of body fluids
76
people at-risk of contracting STDs
people who are sexually active with multiple partners
77
prevention of STDs
the use of condoms, which provides some protection against these diseases
78
in most cases of STDs
all sexual partners should be treated
79
examples of STDs
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes 2
80
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
a virus that attacks the body's immune system and greatly weakens its ability to fight off infections and disease (eventually leads to death)
81
cause of AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
82
people infected with HIV
can remain asymptomatic for many years
83
symptoms of AIDS/HIV
include lack of resistance to infections, weight loss, fatigue, skin rashes
84
cure for AIDS
none
85
treatment for AIDS
involves a combination of drugs to slow the disease
86
Chlamydia
one of the most common STDs
87
cause of Chlamydia
bacteria
88
symptoms of Chlamydia
include a burning sensation while urinating and a discharge for both males and females
89
treatment of Chlamydia
involves antibiotics
90
cause of gonorrhea
bacteria
91
symptoms of gonorrhea in males
include a burning sensation while urinating, green-yellow discharge, sore throat, swollen glands
92
symptoms of gonorrhea in females
include painful urination, pain in the abdomen, vaginal discharge
93
treatment of gonorrhea
involves large doses of penicillin or other antibiotics
94
Herpes 2
genital herpes
95
cause of Herpes 2
a virus
96
symptoms of Herpes 2
include a burning sensation, sores that form painful ulcers, painful urination
97
cure for Herpes 2
none
98
treatment of Herpes 2
involves promoting the healing of the sores and easing discomfort
99
consistency of Herpes 2
many people have repeated, but milder attacks
100
HPV
human papillomavirus
101
the most common sexually transmitted infection
HPV
102
symptoms of HPV
usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or cause genital warts

Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) (9 decks)

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