Respiratory System Deck

Question 1

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

1. to sustain life
2. to help regulate body temperature by cooling and warming the blood
3. to produce audio sounds

Question 2

ventilation

Answer 2

the physical act of breathing

Question 3

inhalation

Answer 3

occurs when the intercostal muscles contract, leading to the lifting and separation of the ribs

Question 4

the process of breathing

Answer 4

involuntary

Question 5

external respiration

Answer 5

the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the bloodstream in the lungs

Question 6

internal respiration

Answer 6

the transfer of gases between the bloodstream and the cells of the body

Question 7

the products of cellular respiration

Answer 7

energy, water, and carbon dioxide

Question 8

oxygenation

Answer 8

the process by which the oxygen molecules are loaded onto the hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

Question 9

percentage of air we breathe that is oxygen

Answer 9

21%

Question 10

percentage of breathed air that the body uses

Answer 10

5%

Question 11

divisions of the respiratory system

Answer 11

the upper and lower airways

Question 12

the moisteners and filters of air

Answer 12

the nasal cavity’s mucous membranes and tiny hairs called cilia

Question 13

sinuses

Answer 13

hollow spaces in the skull that connect to the nasal cavity

Question 14

purposes of the sinuses

Answer 14

to moisten and filter the air, to help regulate the temperature of the air before it reaches the lungs, to give the air a place to vibrate as it exits to augment the sound of the voice

Question 15

resonance

Answer 15

to give the air a place to vibrate as it exits to augment the sound of the voice

Question 16

laryngopharynx

Answer 16

where the esophagus and the trachea branch off

Question 17

nasopharynx

Answer 17

contains the hard palate and the soft palate

Question 18

epiglottis

Answer 18

the small, leaf-like flap of tissue at the bottom of the laryngopharynx

Question 19

oropharynx

Answer 19

contains the base of the tongue, tonsils, and vallecula

Question 20

vocal cords

Answer 20

produce audio sounds as air passes over them

Question 21

thyroid cartilage

Answer 21

the scientific term for the Adam’s apple

Question 22

cricoid cartilage

Answer 22

the only completely circular ring of cartilage in the upper airway

Question 23

trachea

Answer 23

the passageway for air into the lungs that marks the beginning of the lower airway

Question 24

carina

Answer 24

where the trachea splits into two passages after it extends from the cricoid cartilage

Question 25

alveoli

Answer 25

the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs

Question 26

mediastinum

Answer 26

separates the two lungs

Question 27

lobes of the right lung

Answer 27

the superior, middle, and inferior lobes

Question 28

lobes of the left lung

Answer 28

`superior and inferior lobes

Question 29

the distortion between the lungs

Answer 29

the right lung is bigger because the left lung has only two lobes to allow space for the heart

Question 30

pleura

Answer 30

a thin, slippery membrane that surrounds each lung

Question 31

function of the pleura

Answer 31

to protect against friction during breathing

Question 32

primary muscles involved in breathing

Answer 32

the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

Question 33

diaphragm

Answer 33

a flat, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs

Question 34

intercostal muscles

Answer 34

located between the ribs

Question 35

PFTs

Answer 35

lung function tests that are used to diagnose various diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

Question 36

peak expiratory flow (PEF)

Answer 36

a person's maximum speed of expiration

Question 37

peak flow meter

Answer 37

a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air

Question 38

high PEF readings

Answer 38

indicate that patients are well

Question 39

low PEF readings

Answer 39

indicate constricted airways

Question 40

changes in recorded PEF values

Answer 40

patients and doctors may determine lung functionality, the severity of asthma symptoms, treatment

Question 41

atelectasis

Answer 41

the collapse of all or part of the lung

Question 42

causes of atelectasis

Answer 42

blockage of the air passages or injury

Question 43

symptoms of atelectasis

Answer 43

include severe pain and shortness of breath

Question 44

treatment of atelectasis

Answer 44

involves correcting the cause of the collapse and the use of pulmonary suction to reinflate the lung

Question 45

lung cancer

Answer 45

the leading cause of cancer death in both genders

Question 46

main cause of lung cancer

Answer 46

exposure to cancer-causing substances (ex.: asbestos and cigarette smoke)

Question 47

treatment of lung cancer

Answer 47

may include surgical removal of the lung or sections of it as well as chemotherapy and radiation

Question 48

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 48

a term for any disease that causes recurring blocking of the air passages that refers to a group of chronic conditions

Question 49

examples of COPD

Answer 49

include chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 50

main cause of COPD

Answer 50

smoking and possible causes include allergies and persistent infections

Question 51

asthma

Answer 51

a condition where the bronchial tubes are inflamed, which leads to obstruction

Question 52

possible causes of asthma

Answer 52

include anxiety, an allergy, or an infection

Question 53

treatment for asthma

Answer 53

involves anti-inflammatory drugs and oxygen therapy

Question 54

inhaled bronchodilator

Answer 54

may be used to reduce inflammation in the bronchial tubes so that air can pass through

Question 55

pneumonia

Answer 55

an inflammation and infection of the lungs

Question 56

consistency of pneumonia

Answer 56

infectious and often affects people who are bedridden, elderly, or frail

Question 57

cause of pneumonia

Answer 57

when either a bacteria, virus, or chemical builds up too much moisture in the lungs which impairs breathing

Question 58

symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 58

include chest pain, fever, chills, difficulty breathing

Question 59

treatment of pneumonia

Answer 59

may include bed rest, antibiotics, oxygen therapy

Question 60

tuberculosis

Answer 60

a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs

Question 61

the bacteria that cause tuberculosis

Answer 61

spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes

Question 62

emphysema

Answer 62

a lung condition that causes shortness of breath

Question 63

suffering emphysema patient

Answer 63

the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, which eventually causes a reduction in the oxygen that reaches the bloodstream