Urinary System Deck

Question 1

functions of the urinary system

Answer 1

1. to filter blood and remove wastes from it
2. to excrete waste from the body in the form of urine
3. to help maintain the body’s acid-base balance

Question 2

two other names for the urinary system

Answer 2

1. renal system

2. excretory system

Question 3

location of the kidneys

Answer 3

on either side of the vertebral column, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity

Question 4

cortex

Answer 4

contains nephrons, which help to produce urine

Question 5

medulla

Answer 5

contains tubules to collect the urine and carry it through the kidney

Question 6

hilum

Answer 6

an intended area that serves as a passageway for nerves and vessels to enter and leave the kidney

Question 7

nephrons

Answer 7

tiny structures in the kidneys where the blood is actually filtered and urine is formed

Question 8

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 8

the materials filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus are picked up by the Bowman’s Capsule and passed to the convoluted tubules

Question 9

Convoluted Tubules

Answer 9

in the convoluted tubules, substances needed by the body are reabsorbed into the bloodstream

Question 10

Collecting tubules

Answer 10

any water and excess wastes that remain in the convoluted tubules become urine that passes to the collecting tubules

Question 11

percentage of urine that is water

Answer 11

95%

Question 12

ureters

Answer 12

muscular tubes that use peristalsis to move the urine to the bladder

Question 13

bladder

Answer 13

a hollow, muscular sac that receives the urine from the ureters and stores it until it is ready to be emptied from the body

Question 14

urethra

Answer 14

the tube that carries the urine from the bladder out of the body

Question 15

length of the urethra in males

Answer 15

about 8 inches (20 cm) long

Question 16

length of the urethra in females

Answer 16

about 1.5 inches (4 cm) long

Question 17

polyuria

Answer 17

an amount of urine output that is above normal, usually more than 2,000 milliliters per day

Question 18

pyuria

Answer 18

pus in the urine

Question 19

retention

Answer 19

inability to empty the bladder

Question 20

oliguria

Answer 20

an amount of urine output that is below normal, usually less than 500 milliliters per day

Question 21

nocturia

Answer 21

urination at night

Question 22

anuria

Answer 22

no urine output

Question 23

incontinence

Answer 23

lack of voluntary control over urination

Question 24

hematuria

Answer 24

blood in the urine

Question 25

dysuria

Answer 25

painful urination

Question 26

glycosuria

Answer 26

sugar in the urine

Question 27

renal calculus

Answer 27

(aka kidney stone) formed when uric acid and calcium salts from the urine clump together

Question 28

exact cause of a renal calculus

Answer 28

unknown

Question 29

causes of a renal calculus

Answer 29

low fluid intake and large doses of vitamins may lead to kidney stones being formed

Question 30

the kidney stone

Answer 30

may block an area of the kidney or the ureter

Question 31

symptoms of a renal calculus

Answer 31

include sudden, intense pain; frequent urge to urinate; and possibly blood in the urine

Question 32

treatment for a renal calculus

Answer 32

involves increased fluid intake, pain medication, and medication for dissolving the stone

Question 33

in some cases of renal calculus

Answer 33

shock waves may be used to crush the stone or surgery may be used to remove it

Question 34

cystitis

Answer 34

inflammation of the bladder

Question 35

cause of cystitis

Answer 35

could be many types of bacteria, which get into the urinary tract

Question 36

in most cases of cystitis

Answer 36

the bacteria are transferred from the rectal and vaginal areas into the urethra

Question 37

symptoms of cystitis

Answer 37

include painful and frequent urination and blood in the urine

Question 38

treatment for cystitis

Answer 38

involves antibiotics and increased fluid intake

Question 39

nephritis

Answer 39

inflammation of the kidneys

Question 40

causes of nephritis

Answer 40

may be an illness or recurring bouts of cystitis

Question 41

symptoms of nephritis

Answer 41

include painful urination, low urine output, blood and protein in the urine, and back pain

Question 42

treatment for nephritis

Answer 42

involves rest, increased fluid intake, and antibiotics

Question 43

renal failure

Answer 43

(aka kidney failure) caused by other health problems that have done permanent damage to the kidneys little-by-little, over time

Question 44

most common cause of renal failure

Answer 44

diabetes

Question 45

second most common cause of renal failure

Answer 45

high blood pressure (hypertension)