Reproductive System Practicum 3

Question 1

What are both types of cell division?

Answer 1

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 2

___ is the process by which ___ are produced

Answer 2

Meiosis, gametes

Question 3

___ are sex cells; sperm and egg

Answer 3

Gametes

Question 4

____ is the process by which most cells in the body divide, involves ___ round of cell division, and produces ____ cells.

Answer 4

Mitosis, a single, two identical diploid daughter

Question 5

___ involves ____ rounds of cell division and produces ____ cells.

Answer 5

Meiosis, two, four non-identical haploid daughter

Question 6

Humans have how many chromosomes?

Answer 6

46

Question 7

Female chromosomes have:

Answer 7

22 pairs and XX

Question 8

Male chromosomes have:

Answer 8

22 pairs and XY

Question 9

Fertilized egg is called:

Answer 9

Zygote (46 chromosomes)

Question 10

DIPLOID CELLS

Answer 10

2n, somatic (body cell, liver, skin) 46 chromosomes

Question 11

HAPLOID CELLS

Answer 11

1n, Sperm and eggs, gametes (22 + X; or 22 + Y), 23 chromosomes

Question 12

____ are organs that produce ___

Answer 12

Primary sex organs, gametes: testes or ovaries

Question 13

_____ are essential for reproduction. In males this is ___ and females ____

Answer 13

Secondary sex organs, ducts + glands + penis that deliver sperm cells, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina that receive the sperm and nourish developing fetus

Question 14

___ are features that develop at puberty to attract a mate. What are these features?

Answer 14

Secondary sex characteristics, pubic, axillary and facial hair, scent glands, body morphology and low voice for males

Question 15

____ needs a cooler environment and sperm is not produced efficiently at body temp: ___

Answer 15

Scrotum, 37 celsius/ 95-97 F

Question 16

Optimal temperature for spermatogenesis:

Answer 16

35-36 degrees celsius or 95-97 degrees F

Question 17

Temperature regulation muscles and their function:

Answer 17

• Cremaster muscle: contracts in cold and relaxes at warm temp
• Dartos muscle: contracts in cold and relaxes at warm temp
• Pampiniform plexus: network of veins from testis that surrounds testicular artery in spermatic cord

Question 18

Connective tissue with ductus deferens, blood/lymph vessels, and nerves:

Answer 18

Spermatic Cord

Question 19

_____ drain into network called _____

Answer 19

Seminiferous tubules, rete testis

Question 20

Low Blood pressure of testicular artery results in _____.
Sperm develop very ____ helping them survive the _____ environment of the female reproductive tract

Answer 20

Poor O2 supply, large mitochondria, hypoxic

Question 21

_____ drain to the ____ in the testis

Answer 21

Testicular veins, inferior vena cava

Question 22

What is the term for the formation of sperm

Answer 22

Spermatogenesis

Question 23

Trace the path for the formation of sperm:

Answer 23

Spermatogonium (2n) –> Primary Spermatocyte –> Secondary Spermatocyte –> Spermatids –> Spermatozoa

Question 24

The formation of sperm takes place in the ____

Answer 24

Seminiferous Tubules of the testes

Question 25

Full ____ and _____ are not achieved until after ____

Answer 25

Maturation, motility, ejaculation

Question 26

____ further prepare sperm for fertilization

Answer 26

Uterine tube fluids

Question 27

In the male duct system The Prostate Gland is located:

Answer 27

Below bladder; 2 by 4 by cm

Question 28

In the male duct system the Seminal Vesicles are located where and do what:

Answer 28

Posterior to bladder and empty into ampulla

Question 29

In the male duct system the Bulbourethral Glands are located where and do what:

Answer 29

Near bulb of penis and empty into penile urethra, used as lubricating fluid

Question 30

Components of Semen and what they do: 1 provide energy for sperm motility (seminal vesicle) 2 causes clotting when acted upon by enzymes (seminal vesicle) 3 convert fibrinogen to fibrin (prostate) 4 liquefies semen within 30 minutes 5 stimulate female peristaltic contractions (seminal vesicle and prostate) 6 is a base stabilizing sperm pH at 7.2 to 7.6

Answer 30

1. Fructose 2. Fibrinogen 3. Clotting Enzymes 4. Fibrinolysin 5. Prostaglandins 6. Spermine

Question 31

Female Reproductive System Function:

Answer 31

Produce and deliver gametes, provide nutrition and room for fetal development, and give birth/nourish infant

Question 32

What gland in the female perineum secretes mucus:

Answer 32

Bartholin's Gland

Question 33

Region between thighs bordered by coccyx, pubic symphysis, and ischial tuberosities. It contains orifices of urinary, reproductive, and digestive systems

Answer 33

the female perineum

Question 34

What are the primary reproductive organs of the ovary?

Answer 34

Oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 35

The uterine is known as what other terms

Answer 35

Fallopian tubes and Oviducts

Question 36

Uterine length and lining:

Answer 36

10 cm long and is a muscular tube with ciliated cells

Question 37

What are the major portions of the Uterine? - near uterus, narrow - middle portion - flared distally with fimbriae

Answer 37

Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum

Question 38

Uterine is enclosed in?

Answer 38

Superior margin of broad ligament (mesosalpinx)

Question 39

Incomplete serous layer of the uterine wall

Answer 39

Perimetrium

Question 40

Muscle layer of the uterine wall

Answer 40

Myometrium

Question 41

Mucosal lining of cavity of the uterine wall

Answer 41

Endometrium

Question 42

The _____ is a thick-walled, pear-shaped muscular chamber opening into ____ and tilted forward over the _____. Openings into _____ in its two upper corners.

Answer 42

Uterus, vagina, urinary bladder, uterine tubes

Question 43

Hormonal changes of the female reproductive tract cause _______ ---> necrosis of the stratum functionalis & ____

Answer 43

Spiral artery vasoconstriction, menstrual flow

Question 44

Ligaments in the female reproductive system attach to the _____

Answer 44

Pelvic Floor

Question 45

Key Reproductive Function of Mammary Glands:

Answer 45

To produce and transport milk during hormonally regulated lactation

Question 46

Breast Anatomy Facts:

Answer 46

- Mammary glands exist within breasts of both sexes but usually in function in females - Adult female breasts more developed for pregnant and lactating

Question 47

Typically begins within the cells of the lobules or ducts. If they spread to neighboring axillary lymph nodes, can be distributed throughout the body.

Answer 47

Breast Cancer

Question 48

Parts of the female sexual cycle

Answer 48

1. Ovarian Cycle 2. Menstrual Cycle

Question 49

Ovarian cycle phases:

Answer 49

1. Follicular Phase A. Menstrual phase B. Preovulatory phase 2. Ovulation 3. Postovulatory phase A. Luteal Phase B. Premenstrual phase

Question 50

Menstrual Cycle Phases:

Answer 50

1. Proliferative Phase (Postmenstrual) 2. Secretory Phase 3. Premenstrual Phase 4. Menstruation