Research

Question 1

ICF domains

Answer 1

body, individual, and societal perspectives

one list of body functions and one list of domains of activity and participation

Question 2

variance

Answer 2

-measure variability from the mean

Question 3

SD

Answer 3

-square root of the variance

Question 4

type 1 error

Answer 4

alpha

when you reject a true null

Question 5

type 2 error

Answer 5

beta

when you retain a false null

Question 6

critical T value

Answer 6

better to have a higher critical t value meaning you are reaching significance so you reject the null hypothesis

Question 7

independent samples

Answer 7

participants in 2+ groups are unrelated and are observed once and only once. Random

Question 8

dependent samples

Answer 8

compare the same sample of people multiple times (before and after tx.)

Question 9

repeated measures

Answer 9

measures same group of people multiple times (pre-post design)

Question 10

matched pairs study

Answer 10

related people matched in groups because of common characteristics

Question 11

Face validity

Answer 11

is it measuring what’s supposed to measure

Question 12

content validity

Answer 12

does it measure all the components of the variable

ex: surveys use this, pain questionnaires (all components of the pain -quality, etc.

Question 13

criterion validity

Answer 13

how does it compare to the gold standard

ex: homans (poor criterion validity) vs. ultrasound Doppler (gold standard)

Question 14

construct validity

Answer 14

how well can inferences be made from the results.

ex: results of EMG scores and MMT

Question 15

confounding variable

Answer 15

associated with the exposure, a risk factor for the outcome, and not intermediate on the causal pathway between E and D

ex: age …Does DM lead to Dementia?

Question 16

hawthorne effect

Answer 16

individuals perform better because they are in the study

Question 17

healthy worker bias

Answer 17

occurs when compare workers to non-workers, workers are healthier than non-workers

Question 18

control selection bias

Answer 18

when controls don’t represent the base population

Question 19

volunteer bias

Answer 19

when volunteers differ from non-volunteers in study

Question 20

information bias

Answer 20

errors in procedure for data collection

Question 21

recall bias

Answer 21

case groups more likely to recall their exposure

Question 22

interviewer bias

Answer 22

difference in interpretation of responses by interviewer

Question 23

sensitivity

Answer 23

how well a test detects those with a disease, TRUE positive

SnOUT

Question 24

specificity

Answer 24

how well a test detects those without a disease, TRUE negative
SpIN

Question 25

positive predictive value

Answer 25

proportion of people with a + test who actually have a dx | --> TRUE POSITIVE

Question 26

negative predictive value

Answer 26

proportion of people with a (-) test who do not have a dx | -->TRUE NEGATIVE

Question 27

correlation

Answer 27

used to describe relationship between 2 levels of independent variables. DOES NOT INDICATE CAUSATION r=(-)1.0 to 1.0 0=no correlation

Question 28

regression

Answer 28

used to predict/used to explain changed in dependent variables

Question 29

R^2

Answer 29

coefficient of determination portion of total variance in one measure that can be explained by the variance in the other measure ex: r=50, r^2=.25, then 25% of variance in Y is accounted for by X.

Question 30

T test

Answer 30

used to compare 2 levels of 1 independent variable

Question 31

ANOVA

Answer 31

used to compare 2+ levels/means | uses F statistic

Question 32

one-way anova

Answer 32

2+ levels of 1 independent variable on 1 dependent variable -an extension of independent test -F stat > critical value IV:age (young, middle, old) DV: BP

Question 33

Repeated measures ANOVA

Answer 33

used when subjects are tested more than once, extension of dependent t-test

Question 34

two-way ANOVA

Answer 34

compare 2+ levels of 2 IV ON 1 dv.

Question 35

two-way ANOVA | -factorial

Answer 35

both IVs are independent (age and sex)

Question 36

two-way ANOVA | -mixed model

Answer 36

one IV is independent, the other is dependent

Question 37

two-way ANOVA | -repeated measures

Answer 37

both IVS are dependent

Question 38

Chi square

Answer 38

analyzes frequency of responses that are nominal

Question 39

ANCOVA

Answer 39

1+ IVs, 1+covariate --> DV | aka a regression ANOVA

Question 40

discriminant analysis

Answer 40

1 IV (2+ levels) ---> 2+ DVs

Question 41

MANOVA

Answer 41

2+ IVs--> 2+ DVs (decreases type 1 error)

Question 42

MANCOVA

Answer 42

1+ IVs, 1+ covariates --> 2+ DVs

Question 43

covariate

Answer 43

variable possibly involved in study that explains error

Question 44

a good variate increases statistical power and adjusts groups so it makes comparison fairer

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

LR >1.0

Answer 45

suggests disease is present

Question 46

LR <1.0

Answer 46

suggest disease is NOT present

Question 47

kruskall wallis

Answer 47

compares if 3 or more independent samples come from the same population non-parametric version of an ANOVA

Question 48

mann whitney test

Answer 48

compares 2 independent samples with ordinal data nonparametric version of independent t-test

Question 49

Wilcoxon signed rank test

Answer 49

used to compare 2 dependent samples with orfinal level data/ nonparametric alternative to dependent or paired t -test