Research Methods Flashcards
(28 cards)
Hypothesis?
Proposed explantions
Need to know quatative and qualitative data
Need to know reliability and valdiity
What is triangulation?
Using more than one research method to improve valdiity of study
Know correlation and longitudinal study,case study,pilot study
What does ethnographies mean?
Scientific description of peoples and cultures within their customs,habits,mutual differences
What’s the hypothetico-deductive model?
Identify the issue or problem you wish to research
Gather background information
Identify an hypothesis or question
Choose a research method and sampling frame
Conduct a pilot study
Conduct research
Analyse data
Draw conclusions
What are the factors when choosing a topic?
Perosnal interests and value of researcher
Theoretical perspective/political beliefs
Access to research population
Funding
Society and what is currently
Ethics
What are the 8 practical factors to consider?
Access to ppts
Personal characteristics of research
Subject matter
Size of sample
Type of data required
Time available
Cost/funding
Research opportunity
What are ethical factors ?
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Privacy
Harm
Legality
What are open,closed and web questionnaires?
Open- ppts can answer as much as they want
Closed-a set of answers to choose from
Web-sent out online
What are practical strengths and weakness of questionnaires?
Easy,cheap,lack of researcher effects,quick to analyse
Low response rate,misunderstanding of question,leading questions
What are ethical issues and strengths of questionnaires?
Informed consent given,anonymous
Questions may be sensitive
What are theoretical things for questionnaires?
Detalliled data (open),reliable,large sample,easy to quanifty(closed),objectivity
Ppts may lie,not the ppts might answer,right answer is,lack of rapport
What are structured,unstructured and group interviews?
Unstructured-questions change
Structured-questions dont change
Groups-can be unstructured or structured but more than one ppts
Practical,theoretical and ethical for interviews?
Allows to build rapport,flexible, allows for clarification,take a lot of time and cost
Good for sensitive topics(us),questions could cause harm
In depth detailed data,reliable(s),hard to quantify
Has demand characteristics, unreliable(us),small sample, peer group influence
What are overt,covert,ppt and non ppt observations?
Overt-ppts know they’re being watched
Covert-ppts don’t know their being watched
Ppt-researcher takes part
Non ppt-researchers doesn’t take part
Practical,ethical and theoretical for covert over ppt non pp observations?
Flexible,(o) researcher can get deeper insight,only option with some groups
Takes time,cost,researcher effects,requires a certain skill, (c)relied on memeory,some groups can be hard to access
(C)lacks informed consent,privacy can be breached
(P) going native
In depth detailed data,verstehen
Hawthorne effect,hard to quantify,small sample, unreliable
Practical ethical and theoriicla for lab and field experiments ?
Variables are controlled,a lot of time and cost
Harm to ppt,deception
Highly reliable,causation can be determined
Validity not normal setting ,researcher effect,small sample
What are official and unofficial statistics?
Official-numerical data that is produced by gov
Unoffical-numerical data that is collected by charities and other organisations
What are personal and public documents?
Personal-documents such as personal diaries,letters
Public-gov docs that have been released such as ofsted
What are historical documents ?
Original doc that contain important historical info
Statistics practical,theoretical,ethical?
Cheap,easily accessible ,may not relate to research, no ethics,large sample,valid,reliable
Unofficial-could be bias to sample
Documents practical,ethical,theoretical?
Cheap,public can be easily accessible and historical,can be hard to access, may not be relevant to research
Perosnal,historical-invasion of privacy,confidentiality and informed consent
In depth data,open to interpretation,unreliable,bias
