Research methods C

Question 1

what is the p in statistics

Answer 1

the likelihood that we are wrong about nothing going on

Question 2

example of when unethical research has been published

Answer 2

august 2022, researcher immersed himself in porn featuring children

Question 3

what is a rationale

Answer 3

an explanation of the reasons of doing something

Question 4

conceptual (in terms of a hypothesis)

Answer 4

describing an idea clearly and concisely using accessible language

Question 5

technical (in terms of a hypothesis)

Answer 5

describing an idea precisely and with reference to appropriate technology

Question 6

what is the structure of a simple comparison experiment

Answer 6

1 IV, 1 DV, 2 conditions

Question 7

what is the structure of a one-way design

Answer 7

1 IV, 1 DV and 3 or more conditions

Question 8

how many differences would you see in a one-way design?

Answer 8

there are 3 differences in a one-way design

Question 9

how is a factorial design different?

Answer 9

looking at more than one IV at the same time

Question 10

does the number of levels have an effect on interactions?

Answer 10

no the number of levels do not have an effect on interactions

Question 11

what do the number of factors determine? (in a factorial design)

Answer 11

the number of interactions

Question 12

what does ANOVA stand for

Answer 12

analysis of variance

Question 13

what is variance

Answer 13

measure of spread/dispersion

Question 14

what does ANOVA test

Answer 14

are two or more groups from the same population of scores - are the differences in individual scores the same size?

Question 15

why is there variation in scores?

Answer 15

naturally occurring differences (error) ,differences due to a factor that varies for different groups (known as main effects) and the interactions

Question 16

what is the definition of error?

Answer 16

the naturally occurring differences between people

Question 17

where is the mean on a bell curve

Answer 17

at the peak

Question 18

what does this show

Answer 18

same mean, different levels of dispersion

Question 19

what does the width of a singular bell curve show

Answer 19

within-group variance

Question 20

what does the length between the peak of two bell curves mean

Answer 20

the between group variance

Question 21

what does it mean if the f ratio is bigger than 1

Answer 21

significant difference

Question 22

what is the f ratio

Answer 22

the ratio of between group variance and within group variance

Question 23

between group variance

Answer 23

the overall variation between the groups

Question 24

within group variance

Answer 24

the overall variation in one experimental group

Question 25

when is a post hoc test used

Answer 25

when an ANOVA f test is significant

Question 26

type 1 error

Answer 26

concludes there is a difference when there isn't

Question 27

what type of data is used for ANOVA

Answer 27

normally distributed interval and ratio data

Question 28

if there are two groups what are the chances of making a type 1 error

Answer 28

1/20

Question 29

how do you get around the family wise error

Answer 29

set an acceptable error rate

Question 30

what do you report for a non-parametric test used by ANOVA

Answer 30

medians and minimum&maximum scores

Question 31

what is a kruskal-wallis test

Answer 31

a non-parametric independent groups one-way ANOVA

Question 32

how many groups does a kruskal-wallis test compare

Answer 32

3 or more independent groups

Question 33

what are the two non-parametric tests used to test the difference between three or more conditions?

Answer 33

kruskal-wallis and friedman

Question 34

what is a Friedman test

Answer 34

a one-way non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA

Question 35

if parametric assumptions were violated by ANOVA what do you do?

Answer 35

use a non-parametric test - kruskal-wallis or Friedman

Question 36

what does the 'number of ways' influence (in relation to ANOVA)

Answer 36

the number of IV's

Question 37

how many IV's does a three way ANOVA have

Answer 37

3

Question 38

do the number of 'ways' in an ANOVA influence the number of DV's

Answer 38

no

Question 39

how do you work out the number of conditions in an ANOVA

Answer 39

number of factors x number of levels

Question 40

how many conditions if there are 2 factors and 3 levels

Answer 40

6

Question 41

how many interactions for a 2 x 5 ANOVA

Answer 41

1 interaction as there are only two conditions

Question 42

why do we need to carry out post-hoc tests

Answer 42

because a signficant ANOVA does not show what conditions are different to one another

Question 43

what is the bonferroni correction

Answer 43

takes the number of comparisons and takes the acceptable p value, divides it by the number of tests that's going to be used

Question 44

formula for working out number of interactions in an ANOVA

Answer 44

Question 45

how do you know in a graph whether two factors have an interaction?

Answer 45

lines should be parallel