Research Methods key studies

Question 1

Lab experiment
Bandura - bobo doll

Answer 1

36 boys 36girls
3 conditions
found that those who watched role models commit violent acts towards the doll displayed more violent behaviour

Question 2

AO3 of Bandura

Answer 2

ethical issues - children are venerable group, encourages violent behaviour in children
validity - artificial environment

Question 3

Field experiments
Rosenhan - sane in insane places

Answer 3

3 women 5 men
went to 12 hospitals in 5 different states (representative)
stopped showering/brushing teeth/shaving
stated they heard an empty hollow thud
all were sent to psychiatric hospitals with SZ
none were detected by any staff

Question 4

AO3 of Rosenhans study

Answer 4

+ representative
+ valid - no hawthorne effect
- ethical issues - harm to participants and researchers
- could not withdraw
- not practical - hard to get into asylums (gatekeepers)
- deception - covert

Question 5

Observations
Vankatesh

Answer 5

gang leader for a day
participant observation

Question 6

AO3 for vankatesh

Answer 6

guilty knowledge
harm to researcher

Question 7

Observations
Laud Humphrey - tearoom trade

Answer 7

covert participant
1960s
Humphrey served as the ‘watchqueen’ - he observed hundreds of sexual acts
recorded their license numbers of their cars
year later disguised himself as health-service interviewer
54% were living with wives
24% were single closeted homosexuals

Question 8

AO3 of Humphreys

Answer 8

guilty knowledge
deceit

Question 9

Self report method
Interviews
Anne Oakley - sociology of housework - unstructured

Answer 9

wanted to find out what the women who did housework though about doing it
40 in-depth interviews
each one took 2 hours
conversations were recorded
two different areas of London - WC + MC
housewives were between 20 and 30, all were mothers with at least one child under 5
she asked factual questions with rating scales
also asked in depth questions
found that dissatisfaction was higher in those who reported monotony

Question 10

AO3 of Oakley

Answer 10

hard to quantify in depth answers
practical - rapport (hard to build with certain interviewees)

Question 11

Self report method
Structured interview

Answer 11

fixed questions
e.g. doctors appointment

Question 12

AO3 of unstructured interviews

Answer 12

cannot ask follow up questions
issues with clarification

Question 13

self report method
questionnaire
census

Answer 13

every 10 years since 1801
entire population must complete
a list of questions about the household
56 questions on 2011 census, 14 about household and its accommodation, 42 for each member of the household
if not completed fine of up to £1,000 and a criminal record

Question 14

AO3 of census

Answer 14

+ reliable
+ representative
- valid - only a snapshot

Question 15

secondary data
official statistics

Answer 15

crime rates
marriage rates
divorce rates
birth rates
death rates