research methods lec 1

Question 1

define

theory

Answer 1

systematic way of organising and explaining observations

different schools of thought promote diff theories

Question 2

define

hypothesis

Answer 2

the doubtful belief about the way one variable interacts/impacts another

Question 3

purposes of research _

Answer 3

4

for the sake of it = understanding, curiosity

predicting outcomes = health

solving problems

improving standards of living

Question 4

good research is grounded in __

Answer 4

theory

Question 5

___ provides a framework for a __

Answer 5

theory

hypothesis

Question 6

define

variable =

Answer 6

an event/behaviour that has at least 2 values

2 types of variables
continuous and categorical

Question 7

__ types of variables and define =

Answer 7

2

1= categorical
2 = continuous

categorical = fixed values
continuous = continum of values

Question 8

define population

Answer 8

entire group of elements that share a set of specific common characteristics that are pre-defined by the researcher and to which a piece of research is meant to generlise

Question 9

define sample

Answer 9

a subset of the pop. who are supposed to be representative of the population they were selected from

Question 10

define

sampling frame/accessible population

Answer 10

teh actual group of individuals from which the researcher is able yo select a sample

this may not always be the exact same as the intended target pop

Question 11

In order for a sample to be valid is must = __

Answer 11

be representative

Question 12

__ types of sampling methods

Answer 12

2

1 = probability sampling
2= nonprobability sampling

Question 13

subsets of probability sampling + define

Answer 13

= every element has an equal chance of being selected into sample

3
simple random

cluster

stratified

Question 14

subsets of non probability sampling + define

Answer 14

= uneqal chance of being selected

4
convenience (haphazard) sampling

purposive

quota

snowball

Question 15

define

generlisability

Answer 15

whether the research results ( from sample) can be applied to the entire pop of interest and requires
IV and EV

Question 16

Generalisability requires =

Answer 16

Internal validity = are procedures flawed

external validity= does experimental situation resemble that found in real world

Question 17

characteristics of a good physiological research =

Answer 17

theoretical framework= hypothesis flows from theory

procedure same for all subjects unless variation is introduced to test hypothesis

Question 18

Inductive VS deductive reasoning =

Answer 18

induction = data pool => theory

deduction = theory => data pool

Question 19

theory=> data pool

Answer 19

deduction

Question 20

data pool => theory

Answer 20

induction

Question 21

inductive VS deductive __

Answer 21

2

1 = reasoning = data pool + theory

2= thinking = quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method research

Question 22

Deductive VS inductive thinking =

Answer 22

3 types

1 = quantitative research
2= qualitative research 
3= mixed-method research

Question 23

in practice which type of thinking research method is used

Answer 23

blend of inductive and deductive thinking

Question 24

define

quantitative research

Answer 24

= focus on numbers

tends to favour deductive reasoning ( testing pre-formulated hypotheses about world)

Question 25

define

qualitative research

Answer 25

= in-depth analysis of interview, observational or case-study data

tends to favour inductive reasoning ( data to help formulate theories/hypotheses)

Question 26

define

mixed-method research

Answer 26

integration and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative research data in one study

Question 27

_ types of research methods

Answer 27

3

1= descriptive designs ( Qualitative)

2= correlational designs ( quantitative)

3= experimental designs ( quantitative)