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Year 3 difficult topics > resp > Flashcards

resp Flashcards

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1
Q

asthma management drug order?
reliever?

1st line
2nd line

A

SABA- reliever, ICS - 3x use of SABA

second line add on drug is Leukotriene receptor antagonist - ORAL

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2
Q

if a pt is on ICS and LRT what is the complication?

A

might not adhere as LTRA is oral and to be taken at night

might want to offer LABA

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3
Q

what to do if

If asthma is uncontrolled on a low dose of ICS and a LTRA?

A

offer a long acting beta 2 agonist

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4
Q

children asthma 5-16

what is added onto SABA ICS?

A

LTRA- review 4-8 weeks

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5
Q

what skin involvement - eryhtema nodosum has a resp condition associated?

investiagtion findings for this?

A

sarcoidosis

raised ESR and calcium

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6
Q

Hx of sarcoidosis

A

dry cough, skin involvement, dyspnoea

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7
Q

COPD management acute on chronic attack?

drug choices

A

amoxicillin
doxycycline
clarithromycin

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8
Q

gallstone investigation of choice?

A

ultrasound

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9
Q

what is the spirometry result findings for asthma

A

FEV1/FVC <70%

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10
Q

‘the FEV1 is normally normal in asthmatic patients’

True / false

A

false

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11
Q

what is FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume - volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiratio

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12
Q

what causes a resp alkalosis

A

PE
anxiety / hyperventilate
altitude
paracetamol poisoning

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13
Q

what causes a resp acidosis

A 
copd
asthma 
benzos
opiates
nmd
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14
Q

stable management of copd

A

smoke cessation
influenza vaccination
pneumococcal vaccination

saba/sama - first line

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15
Q

is there an oral prophylactic abx therapy that can be offered to copd sufferers with recuurent infective exarcebations?

what side effect can this drug bring?

A

yes
azithromycin

prolongation of QT interval

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16
Q

moderate asthma
RR
pulse

A

<25

<110

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17
Q

severe asthma features

A

pefr 33-50%

RR>25
pulse >110

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18
Q

life threateneing asthma features

A

silent chest / cyanosis
oxygen sats <92%
pefr 33%

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19
Q

what does curb 65 stand for

A

confusion

urea
resp rate

blood pressure
aged 65

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20
Q

this pneumonia presents with

Hyponatraemia and lymphopenia common
Classically seen secondary to infected air conditioning units

A

legionella pneumophillia

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21
Q

if you suspect pneumocystis jiroveci
how would the patient present
what test must you do?

A

dry cough , exercise induced , absence of wheeze / chest signs

test for HIV

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22
Q

lung fibrosis that affects upper zone?

A 
hypersensitivity pneumonitis 
coal workers pneumoconiosis 
silicosis 
sarcoidosis 
ankylosing spondylitis 
tb
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23
Q

lower zone lung fibrosis

Study These Flashcards
A

drug induced ; amiodarone , methrotrexate
asbestosis
sle

24
Q

CHARTs - acronym for what resp condition?

Study These Flashcards
A 
coal worjers 
hisiocystosis 
ankylosing 
radiation 
tuberculosis 
silicosis
25
what is sarcoidosis characterised by ? | what xray findings?
non-caseating graulomas | bilateral lymphadenopathy
26
stereotypical ~HX an 80-year-old man who used to work in ship building presents with progressive shortness-of-breath. A chest x-ray shows multiple pleural plaques and bilateral lower zone interstitial shadowing
asbestosis
27
what are pleural plaques in the lung caused by?
asbestosis related lung disease - 20/40 years later
28
mid zone fibrosis dyspnoea cough fever
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
29
in a respiratory acidosis is the pCO2 high or low? how is a resp acidosis compensated?
the pC)2 is high whihc is why there is a resp acidosis the compensation would be a high hco3-
30
in aptient with copd | what does a really high bicarb show?
chronic resp acidosis
31
PaCO2 >_______ suggests a respiratory acidosis (or respiratory compensation for a metabolic alkalosis)
6.0kpa
32
ROME abg
Resp = Opposite ph is low and pCO2 is high ph is high and pCO2 is low metabolic= equal low ph+ low base excess high ph +high bicarb/ be
33
what skin rash do you get with sarcoidosis
painless/ not itchy raised purple plaque of induarted skin
34
predisposing factors for OSA? what conditions
hypothyroidism amyloidosis marfans syndrome
35
assessment of OSA
epworth sleepiness scale | MSLT
36
management for osa >?
weigth loss | cpap
37
curb65 what is a normal u?
confused urea resp rate blood pressure 65?
38
lenticular crescentic opacity is diagnostic of what?
empyema
39
where is aspiration pneumonia more likely to occur
RIGHT
40
TB | skin involvement?
lupus vulgaris
41
TB investigations what stain? CXR findings?
ziehl-neelson stain upper lobe shadowing , streaky fibrosis , cavitation hilar lymphadenopathy
42
what are the main complications of primary TB post primary TB
lobar collapse bronchiectasis pleural effusion empyema pleural effusion adenocarcinoma
43
protein/ serum protein ratio of 0.25 - pleural effusion aspirate is this a transudate or an exudate?
transudate congestive heart failure
44
what is the quadruple therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis ?
rifampicin isoniazid ethambutol pyrizinamide
45
visual acuity needs to be tested as part of management of TB what other tests need to be done? why??
ethambutol causes loss in visual acquity LFTs as the drugs used are hepatotoxic
46
latent tb treatment?
3 months of isoniazid w pyridoxine and rifampicin isoniazid w pyridoxine for 6 months
47
HAP
staph aureus pseudomonas aeruginosa klebsiella pneumonia
48
cavitating lesions which pneumonia?
klebsiella | staph aureus
49
pneumonia cavitating lesion abscess
staph aureus
50
parrot fever, associated with birds pneumonia?
chlamydia psittaci
51
coxiella burnetti
causes q fever | farm animals
52
causes of a cavitating lung lesion?
cancer- squamous cell lung cancer autoimmune :RA, granulomatosis with polyangitis TB staph klebseilla
53
which pneumonia is +
strep pneumonia - cocci staph aureus - clusters
54
bacillus? - pneumonia
haemophjillus klebsiella pseudomnas aeruginoas
55
pleurtic chest pain
pneumothorax pulmonary embolism pericarditis pneumonia pleural effusion
56
pneumonia examination sign
``` assymetry reduced chest expansion coarse crackles bronchial breathing increased vocal resonance decreased percussion note ```

Year 3 difficult topics (22 decks)

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