resp

Question 1

what are 2 examples of drugs that can cause lung fibrosis?

Answer 1

Amiodarone
Methotrexate

Question 2

What are 2 examples of drugs that can cause bronchoconstriction in people with asthma?

Answer 2

Beta blockers
NSAIDs

Question 3

2 Examples of a LABA

Answer 3

Salmeterol
Formeterol

Question 4

3 examples of inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 4

Fluticasone
Beclometasone
Budesonide

Question 5

Example of short acting antimuscarinic drug

Answer 5

Ipratropium (inhaler or neb)

Question 6

Example of long acting antimuscarinic

Answer 6

Tiotropium

Question 7

Example of oral steroid

Answer 7

Prednisolone

Question 8

what is NIV?

Answer 8

non invasive ventilation
eg cpap, bipap, nasal cannula

Question 9

what does the PERC rule do?

Answer 9

rules out PE

Question 10

what does the SPESI rule do?

Answer 10

used to estimate mortality in 30 days after PE

Question 11

which oxygen mask can control the exact amount of oxygen the patient receives?

Answer 11

venturi mask

Question 12

how much o2 does a red venturi mask provide?

Answer 12

about 40%

Question 13

what is the well’s score?

Answer 13

reflects risk of developing DVT
3 or higher=high risk
1 or 2=moderate risk
0=low risk

Question 14

what is spontaneous secondary pneumothorax?

Answer 14

complication of an underlying lung disease eg COPD, TB, CF

Question 15

what does traumatic pneumothorax happen as a result of?

Answer 15

penetrating or blunt injury to the chest

Question 16

what should you do if you have a strong suspicion of PE but a delay in the CTPA being able to be performed?

Answer 16

give the treatment dose of anticoagulant whilst waiting for the scan

Question 17

what is the FEV1/FVC ratio in asthma?

Answer 17

reduced-same as copd
because fev1 is reduced because airways are obstructed

Question 18

what is the indication of LTOT in COPD?

Answer 18

2 measurements of p02 <7.3kPa, and make sure they’ve stopped smoking

Question 19

what is expectoration?

Answer 19

the act of coughing and spitting out mucus from the lower respiratory tract

Question 20

what is carbocisteine used for?

Answer 20

reduce viscosity of sputum and help with expectoration

Question 21

what is NIV used for in COPD?

Answer 21

ventilatory failure characterised by hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis.

Question 22

when do you do thrombolysis in PE?

Answer 22

when massive PE and haemodynamically unstable (eg hypotension)

Question 23

what is the initial drug treatment post PE to reduce chance of recurrence and how long do you give it for?

Answer 23

if provoked: 3 months of DOAC
if unprovoked: 6 months of DOAC

Question 24

how do you classify severity of COPD and what are the values?

Answer 24

on FEV1:
mild: normal but symptoms present and ratio <0.7
moderate: 50-70%
severe: 30-49%
very severe: <30%

Question 25

what level of co2 in acute asthma is life threatening?

Answer 25

normal -should be low as they are hyperventilating. if it is normal it shows they are tiring.

Question 26

what is the most common cause of IECOPD?

Answer 26

haemophillus influenzae

Question 27

what criteria do patients need to fill before being discharged post asthma attack?

Answer 27

PEFR >75%
inhaler technique checked and recorded
stable on discharge meds for at last 12-24 hours (needing no o2 or nebs)

Question 28

what is the treatment for IECOPD?

Answer 28

prednisolone for 5 days
abx only if purulent sputum/signs of pneumonia (amox/claritho/doxy)

Question 29

what is the go to antibiotic prophylaxis in COPD?

Answer 29

azithromycin

Question 30

how does ankylosing spondylitis affect lung function tests?

Answer 30

pattern of restriction -low FEV1, low FVC, normal or high ratio
because it decreases chest wall expansion