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buzzywords > resp buzzywords > Flashcards

resp buzzywords Flashcards

1
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe
vessels Pleural effusion
- ABCDE

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus!

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8
Q

Miliary Tuberculous

A

spread of organism into bloodstream

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9
Q

in miliary TB If organism spread via pulmonary artery,

A

miliary dissemination into the lung occurs.

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10
Q

if military TB If organism spread via pulmonary vein, there is

A

systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys.

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11
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies →

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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12
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet →

A

caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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13
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread →

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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14
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana” - or a Mr. Snoop Dogg or Mr.
Martin Mitchell →

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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15
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss →

A

Sarcoidosis

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16
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign) →

A

Bronchiectasis

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17
Q

“D sign on X ray” →

A

Empyema

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18
Q

“Steeple” sign on X ray →

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/ croup

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19
Q

Child with barking cough →

A

Croup

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20
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia →

A

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if
severe])

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21
Q

what is samter’s triad

A

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

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22
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia) or red jelly sputum →

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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23
Q

Mucoid sputum →

A

Chlamydia psittaci

24
Q

Rusty sputum →

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

25
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria) →

A

classically from primary
renal cell carcinoma

26
Q

Morning headache →

A

hypercapnia or Side effects of organic nitrates

27
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour →

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung. Small-cell carcinoma
are neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.

28
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour →

A

Squamous cell ca. of lung

29
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+ →

A

sarcoidosis

30
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region →

A

Silicosis

31
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces →

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left- ventricular heart failure. Also, seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

32
Q

Ghon focus

A

→ An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung,
beneath the pleura -

found in tuberculosis infection.

Note: Ghon Focus rupture (rare)
through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy.

33
Q

Assmann Focus →

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

34
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour.

Signs include:
- ptosis (drooping of the eyelid),
- enophthalmos (sunken eye), - - miosis (small pupil),
- lack of sweating on the
ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face.

This is due to invasion, of the
cervical sympathetic chain.

35
Q

acronym for acute management of Asthma

A

O SHIT MA

Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask

Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back.

Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO

Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly

Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV

Magnesium and call an

Anaesthetist

36
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x ray →

A

epiglottitis

37
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough →

A

pertussis

38
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray →

A

baritosis, silicosis

39
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD →

A

ISOAP

i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone

40
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer =

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Squamous + Small-cell Lung cancers =

A

CENTRAL

42
Q

High d-dimers →

A

suspect (but not diagnose) Pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

43
Q

Low d-dimers →

A

exclude Pulmonary Embolism

44
Q

Large PE:
Small PE:

A

thrombolysis.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin

45
Q

Frank pus on aspiration –

A

empyema

46
Q

obstructive lung disease – raised eosinophils –

A

asthma

47
Q

obstructive lung disease – raised neutrophils –

A

COPD

48
Q

Coal workers pneumoconiosis -

A

two types

Simple coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
(the disease in its early form) and progressive massive fibrosis (the disease in its later
form).

Problems found at the apex of the lung

49
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome -

A

occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute respiratory failure.

CXR shows bilateral alveolar shadowing.

50
Q

Pulmonary oedema –

A

CXR showing bats wings(perihilar shadowing), upper lobe
venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissue, kerley B lines (small horizontal lines in the
periphery due to fluid in the interlobular septae and pleural effusions)

51
Q

Treatment of a pneumothorax -

A

options are observation, needle, chest tube
insertion, surgery

52
Q

Asbestosis -

A

problems found at the base of the lung

53
Q

Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and deep labored breathing –

A

metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis).

54
Q

22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on shins bilaterally –

A

erythema nodosum

55
Q

cavitating lesion

A

squamous cell lung cancer

56
Q

honeycombing

A

pulmonary fibrosis

57
Q

postural flapping tremor

A

acute CO2 retention

buzzywords (22 decks)

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