resp physiology quick

Question 1

“amount of gas that moves across a sheet of tissue in unit time is proportional to the area of the sheet and inversely proportional to its thickness”

Answer 1

Fick’s law of diffusion

Question 2

“increased release of O2 from Hb at tissues - sigmoid curve moves to the right”

Answer 2

Bohr effect

Question 3

“total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in the gas mixture”

Answer 3

Dalton’s Law

Question 4

“at constant temperature as volume of gas increases the pressure exerted decreases”

Answer 4

Boyle’s Law

Question 5

“the amount of gas that will dissolve in a given value is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas at equilibrium within the liquid”

Answer 5

Henry’s Law

Question 6

What is the law of La Place

Answer 6

P= 2T/r
the inward directed collapsing pressure is proportional to 2 times the surface tension and inversely proportional to the radius of the alveoli

Question 7

Removing O2 from Hb increases Hb’s affinity for CO2 and CO2 generated H+

Answer 7

Haldane effect

Question 8

what do the external intercostal muscles do in inspiration

Answer 8

lift ribs
push out sternum
increase AP dimension of thoracic cavity

Question 9

what are the accessory respiratory muscles used in forceful inspiration

Answer 9

scalenus

sternocleidomastoid

Question 10

what are the muscles of active expiration

Answer 10

internal intercostal muscles

abdominal muscles

Question 11

volume of air entering/leaving the lungs in a single breath

500ml

Answer 11

tidal volume

Question 12

volume of air that can be maximally inspired beyond the tidal volume
3000ml

Answer 12

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 13

what is the inspiratory capacity

3500ml

Answer 13

TV + IRV

Question 14

volume of air that can be maximally expired beyond the tidal volume
1000ml

Answer 14

expiratory reserve volume

Question 15

volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration
1200ml

Answer 15

residual volume

Question 16

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration
2200ml

Answer 16

functional residual capacity

Question 17

volume of air that can be maximally expired following maximal inspiration
4500ml

Answer 17

vital capacity

Question 18

what is the equation for total lung capacity

Answer 18

VC + RV

Question 19

what is the equation for vital capacity

Answer 19

TV + ERV + IRV

Question 20

volume of air that can be forcefully maximally expired following maximum inspiration

Answer 20

forced vital capacity

Question 21

what is FEV1

Answer 21

the volume of air that can be expired during the 1st second in an FVC

Question 22

what is peak flow

what does a decrease show

Answer 22

maximum speed at which a patient can move air out of lungs

obstructive disease

Question 23

what does decreased pulmonary compliance show

Answer 23

restrictive lung disease

Question 24

volume of air exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per minute

Answer 24

alveolar ventilation

Question 25

volume of air breathed in and out per minute

Answer 25

pulmonary ventilation

Question 26

part of airways not available for gas exchange

Answer 26

anatomical dead space

Question 27

ventilated alveoli that aren't adequately perfused

Answer 27

alveolar dead space

Question 28

physiological dead space

Answer 28

anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space

Question 29

what is the main influence for the rate of transfer of O2

Answer 29

partial pressure

Question 30

what is the main influence for the rate of transfer of CO2

Answer 30

diffusion coefficient

Question 31

what type of alveolar cell does gas exchange occur accross

Answer 31

type I alveolar cells

Question 32

what is the enzyme in RBCs that catalyses the formation of bicarbonate for transport of CO2 in blood

Answer 32

carbonic anhydrase

Question 33

what is the name of the complex that generated normal breathing rhythm and where is it

Answer 33

pre-botzinger complex in medulla

Question 34

where can the breathing rhythm be modified

Answer 34

pons

Question 35

what causes inspiration

Answer 35

firing of dorsal neurones in medulla

Question 36

what causes passive expiration (ceased inspiration)

Answer 36

ceased firing of dorsal neurones

Question 37

what causes active expiration

Answer 37

firing of ventral neurones - cause excitation of secondary respiratory muscles

Question 38

when ventral neurones fire what happens to the pneumotaxic centre in the pons

Answer 38

inhibits inspiration

Question 39

what kind of breathing occurs without the pneumotaxic centre

Answer 39

apneusis

Question 40

what does the apneustic centre in the pons do to inspiration

Answer 40

prolongs it

Question 41

stretch receptors detect when the lung is sufficiently inflated and send afferent trigger to inhibit inspiration

Answer 41

hering-brueur reflex

Question 42

is the HB reflex active during normal respiration

Answer 42

no

Question 43

increased moving to limbs leads to increased breathing

Answer 43

joint receptor reflex

Question 44

what do central chemoreceptors detect and where are they found

Answer 44

[H+] of CSF | near medulla

Question 45

what receptors are responsible for CO2 drive of respiration

Answer 45

central

Question 46

what do the peripheral chemoreceptors detect and where are they found

Answer 46

tension of O2 CO2 and [H+] | carotid and aortic bodies

Question 47

what receptors are responsible for H+ drive of respiration

Answer 47

peripheral

Question 48

what receptors adjust for metabolic acidosis

Answer 48

peripheral

Question 49

what receptors mediate the hypoxic drive of respiration and when are they stimulated

Answer 49

peripheral | PaO2 < 8

Question 50

give 4 things that occur in adaptations to high altitude

Answer 50

increased no. of capillaries and mitochondria polycythaemia increased 2,3-biphosphoglycerate kidneys conserve acid

Question 51

what does 2,3-biphosphoglycerate do

Answer 51

liberates O2 from haemoglobin