resp random

Question 1

what blood pH is seen in pregnancy

Answer 1

compensated respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

what is the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 2

fluids IV

glucose-potassium-insulin infusion

Question 3

what pH does aldosterone hypersecretion cause

Answer 3

metabolic alkalosis - Na+/H+ exchange increasing acid secretion into tubules making blood more alkaline

Question 4

what does aldosterone do

Answer 4

secretion of potassium

retention of Na and water

Question 5

Asthma
COPD
chest injuries
airway tumours 
all cause

Answer 5

respiratory acidosis - CO2 retention

Question 6

anxiety
fever
brainstem damage
all cause

Answer 6

respiratory alkalosis - hyperventilation

Question 7

diarrhoea
extreme exercise
diabetic ketoacidosis
all cause

Answer 7

metabolic acidosis
diarrhoea - loss of HCO3
extreme exercise - production of lactic acid

Question 8

what is the asthma triad

Answer 8

reversible airflow obstruction
airway inflammation
airway hyperresponsiveness

Question 9

what is involved in airway remodelling

Answer 9

fixed airway obstruction
thickening of basement membrane
collagen deposition in submucosa
hypertrophy of smooth muscle

Question 10

PEFR < 50%
unable to finish sentences
tachycardia
RR > 25
HR > 110

Answer 10

severe asthma

Question 11

PEFR < 30%
bradycardia, hypotension, silent chest
exhaustion, confusion
hypoxia
acidosis

Answer 11

life threatening asthma

Question 12

what is the most common cause of occupational asthma

Answer 12

isocyanates

Question 13

what happens to residual volume in emphysema

Answer 13

increased

Question 14

what happens to vital capacity in emphysema

Answer 14

decreased

Question 15

what defines chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

cough productive of sputum on most days of 3 months of at least 2 successive years

Question 16

what is seen microscopically in bronchitis

Answer 16

goblet cell metaplasia
macrophage accumulation
fibrosis around bronchioles

Question 17

what does A1AT cause

Answer 17

panacinar emphysema

Question 18

what qualifies high risk COPD

Answer 18

2+ exac in 1 year

or FEV1/FVC < 50%

Question 19

what breath sounds would be seen in COPD

Answer 19

reduced

Question 20

what is cryptogenic organising pneumonia (BOOP)

Answer 20

non-infective pneumonia
inflammation or bronchioles and surrounding tissue
assoc. amiodarone

Question 21

what are 4 examples of hypersensitivity pneumonitis/extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Answer 21

bird fanciers lung
farmers lung
mushroom pickers lung
malt workers lung

Question 22

what is the treatment for hypersensitivity pneumonitis/extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Answer 22

antigen avoidance
oxygen if acute
oral steroids

Question 23

what are some s/s hypersensitivity pneumonitis/extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Answer 23

course end inspiratory crackles

pulmonary fibrosis in upper zones - CXR

Question 24

give 5 causes of pneumoconiosis

Answer 24

coal worker
asbestosis
silicosis
berylliosis
antracosis

Question 25

what drugs can cause alveolitis

Answer 25

amiodarone methotrexate bleomycin gold

Question 26

give 5 examples of autoimmune alveolitis

Answer 26

``` SLE polyarteritis Wegeners Chung Strauss Bechets ```

Question 27

what is ground glass on HRCT

Answer 27

alveolitis

Question 28

what is the treatment of alveolitis

Answer 28

oral prednisolone oral azathioprine oxygen acetylcysteine

Question 29

what does pneumoconiosis look like on a CXR

Answer 29

simple - lots of little dots | complicated - balls of fibrosis

Question 30

what is the most common interstitial lung disease

Answer 30

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis)

Question 31

what does fibrosis look like on a CXR

Answer 31

honeycombing

Question 32

what are some s/s IPF

Answer 32

clubbing bilateral fine end inspiratory crackles progressive SOB

Question 33

what is the treatment of IPF

Answer 33

antifibrotic agents - pirfenidone - nintendab

Question 34

what is caplans syndrome

Answer 34

combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis - pulmonary nodules

Question 35

what is acetalisis

Answer 35

lungs collapse and don't inflate properly

Question 36

what are 2 risks of IPPV and CPAP

Answer 36

barotrauma | pneumothorax

Question 37

what is stridor

Answer 37

inspiratory wheeze due to large airway obstruction

Question 38

what is normal on the epworth sleep scale

Answer 38

<10

Question 39

what are some causes of stridor

Answer 39

children - infection - anaphylaxis - angioneurotic oedema adults - neoplasm - goitre - anaphylaxis - trauma croup

Question 40

what is croup

Answer 40

viral laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 41

what are some risk factors of sleep apnoea

Answer 41

``` obesity hypothyroidism benzodiazepines alcohol opiates ```

Question 42

what is ARDs

Answer 42

resp distress due to stiff lungs and impaired gas exchange