Respi, Nelson + Misc

Question 1

• acute onset * bilateral pulmonary edema * no left arterial pressure elevation * pao2 to fio2 ratio of 201 to 300

Answer 1

Acute lung injury

Question 2

ARDS has pao2 to fio2 ratio of ___

Answer 2

Less than or equal to 200

Question 3

the most common cause of pneumothorax is ___

Answer 3

overinflation

Question 4

what happens when there is an accumulation of air within the pleural space that is sufficient to elevated intra pleural pressure above the atmospheric lever

Answer 4

tension pneumothorax

Question 5

patient with noted sudden onset dyspnea and cyanosis with hyper resonance and diminished breath sound on the affected side. the heart is displaced toward the unaffected side and the diaphragm is displaced downward. what is the diagnosis

Answer 5

pneumothorax

Question 6

__ is signified by hyperlucency around the heart border and between the sternum

Answer 6

pneumomediastinum

Question 7

Increase risk of asthma later in life

Answer 7

RSV infection

Question 8

Reversible airway disease involving both small and large airways

Answer 8

Bronchial asthma

Question 9

3 components of asthma attack

Answer 9

Bronchospasm, mucus production, airway edema

Question 10

PFT is not routinely done in children ___ years old

Answer 10

Less than 5

Question 11

This is the outcome of chronic inflammation in asthma

Answer 11

Airway remodelling

Question 12

Most common chronic disease of childhood in industrialized cointries

Answer 12

Asthma

Question 13

Prevalence of asthma among sexes

Answer 13

Pre-puberty - boys:girls = 3:1
Adolescence - boys=girls
Adult-onset - F>M

Question 14

NSAID that can specifically aggravate asthma

Answer 14

Aspirin

Question 15

Phase of respiration prolonged in an acute asthma exacerbation

Answer 15

Expiratory phase

Question 16

This causes absence of classic wheezing in acute episodes of asthma

Answer 16

Poor air movement from airway obstruction

Question 17

A PE finding in asthma whereby there is a decrease in BP of > 15 mmHg with inspiration

Answer 17

Pulsus paradoxus

Question 18

Uses of spirometry

Answer 18

1) Monitor response to treatment 2) Assess degree of reversibility with therapy 3) Measure severity of exacerbation

Question 19

Age at which children can perform spirometry procedures

Answer 19

5 y/o

Question 20

7-year-old girl is well when she leaves for school, but arrives home afterwards with a sore throat and runny nose. Causative agent?

Answer 20

Rhinovirus

Question 21

17-year-old sexually active adolescent has acute onset of fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and pharyngitis.

Answer 21

Adenovirus

Question 22

MCC of common cold

Answer 22

Rhinovirus

Question 23

Most frequent illness of childhood

Answer 23

Common cold

Question 24

Most common medical reason to miss school

Answer 24

Common cold

Question 25

Vest treatment for the common cold

Answer 25

Increase OFI

Question 26

Most common chronic lung disease in children

Answer 26

Asthma

Question 27

Most common cause of cough in school-age children

Answer 27

Asthma

Question 28

Most important risk factor for development of asthma

Answer 28

Combination of RSV-related bronchiolitis and a genetic predisposition for atopic disease

Question 29

Type of asthma: Immunologically mediated Develop in childhood

Answer 29

Extrinsic

Question 30

Type of asthma: No identifiable cause , Late onset, Worsen with age

Answer 30

Intrinsic

Question 31

Levels of asthma control, under 5

Answer 31

IMG

Question 32

Asthma exacerbation, under 5

Answer 32

IMG

Question 33

Asthma indications for referral to hospital

Answer 33

IMG

Question 34

Asthma severity classification

Answer 34

IMG

Question 35

Most important study in asthma

Answer 35

Spirometry

Question 36

O2 is indicated for all asthmatics to keep O2 saturation > ___

Answer 36

95%

Question 37

___ should not be used for acute asthma exacerbation.

Answer 37

Long-acting β2 agonist (salmeterol)

Question 38

Condition in which a progressively worsening asthma attack is unresponsive to usual therapy

Answer 38

Status asthmaticus (Life-threatening form of asthma)

Question 39

Pulsus paradoxus >20mmHg; Hypotension, tachycardia; Cyanosis; One- to two-word dyspnea; Lethargy; Agitation; Retractions; Silent chest (no wheezes—poor air exchange)

Answer 39

Status asthmaticus

Question 40

Chest x-ray with fine, diffuse reticulogranular or “ground glass” pattern and air bronchograms

Answer 40

RDS

Question 41

Complications of TREATMENT of RDS

Answer 41

1) Retrolental fibroplasia, which is retinal vessel proliferation 2) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (supplemental oxygen requirements beyond 28 days of life)

Question 42

Risk factors for RDS

Answer 42

1) Poorly controlled maternal DM 2) Perinatal asphyxia 3) Antepartum hemorrhage 4) Multiple pregnancies 5) Male gender

Question 43

Majority of childhood asthma develops ___ years old

Answer 43

Less than 3