Topnotch Flashcards
(288 cards)
1
Q
Washing of the newborn should be delayed after?
A
After 6 hours
2
Q
Cord clamping should be delayed at?
A
2 to 3 minutes
3
Q
Non-separation of mother and newborn should for breast feeding should last for?
A
20 to 60 minutes
4
Q
Newborn eye prophylaxis
A
0.5 % erythromycin; 1% tetracycline
5
Q
Vitamin K dosage for newborn.
A
1.5 kg - 1.5 mg; less than 1.5 kg - 1.5 mg
6
Q
NBS
A
CH; CAH; G6PD; PKU; Galactosemia; MSUD
7
Q
NBS, republic act?
A
RA 9288
8
Q
NBS should be done after how many hours?
A
48 hours
9
Q
If NBS was done
A
2 weeks old
10
Q
21 hydroxylase deficiency
A
CAH
11
Q
Enzymes deficient in galactosemia.
A
Galactose 1 phosphate deficiency; Galactokinase deficiency; Galactose 4 epimerase deficiency
12
Q
Most common manifestation without treatment of PKU?
A
Developmental delay
13
Q
Flat, blue gray with well defined margin that can be seen in sacral area.
A
Monglian spots
14
Q
Most common benign skin lesion.
A
Erythema toxicum
15
Q
Lacy pattern on the skin similar to cobblestones.; Vasomotor response to cold stress.
A
Cutis marmorata
16
Q
Subperiosteal bleed.; Does not cross the suture line.; Resolves in few weeks.
A
Cephalhematoma
17
Q
Swelling of scalp due to birth trauma.; Involves presenting part.; Crosses the suture lines.; Resolves in few days.
A
Caput succedaneum
18
Q
Erb duchenne palsy with C4 involvement.
A
Ipsilateral diaphragmatic paralysis
19
Q
Klumpke palsy with T1 sympathetic fibers involvelement.
A
Horner syndrome
20
Q
Accumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis.
A
Hydrocoele
21
Q
Surgical treatment of undescended testis should be done when?
A
Not later than 9 to 15 months
22
Q
Funnel shaped chest
A
Pectus excavatum
23
Q
Pigeon shape chest.
A
Pectus carinatum
24
Q
Post term, AOG?
A
> 42 weeks
25
LGA, NB is hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic?
Hypoglycemic; Due to hyperinsulinism.
26
Ground glass pattern in CXR.
RDS
27
MCC of persistent pulmonary HPN?
Meconium aspiration syndrome
28
Contributory factor that leads persistent pulmonary HPN of the NB.
NSAID use during 3rd trimester
29
TB less than 5mg/kg/day, peaks at 15, DB less than 10% of TB
Physiologic jaundice
30
TB > 5 mg/dl/day peaks at 15; DB > 10% of TB
Pathologic jaundice
31
In ABO incompatibility, what is the blood type mother and baby?
Mother blood type O, baby type A or B
32
Type of jaundice, decreased milk intake with dehydration, reduced caloric intake.
Breastfeeding jaundice
33
Type of jaundice, presence of glucoronidase in breast milk.
Breast milk jaundice
34
Empiric treatment for neonatal sepsis.
Ampicillin + 3rd gen cephalosphorin or aminoglycosides.
35
Blueberry muffin rash
CMV AND RUBELLA
36
Most common congenital infection.
CMV
37
DOC for CMV
Ganciclovir
38
Cataract, PDA, MR, Deafness, Blueberry muffin
Congenital rubella syndrome
39
Chorioretinits. Microcephaly. Periventricular calcification. Blueberry muffin rash.
CMV
40
Chorioretinitis. Intracranial calcification. Hydrocephalus. Hepatitis. IUGR
Toxoplasmosis
41
Snuffles. Periostitis of long bone. Hutchinson teeth. Saddle nose.
Syphillis
42
Pneumatosis intestinalis
NEC
43
MC life threatening emergency of the GIT in neonates.
NEC
44
Greatest RF for NEC.
Prematurity
45
Triad: Intestinal ischemia. Enteral nutrition. Pathogenic organism.
NEC
46
Average weight of the new born
3kg
47
Average birth length of the newborn.
50cm
48
Average head circumference of the newborn.
33 to 35 cm
49
Approximate age where adult HC is attained.
6 years old
50
First tooth to erupt.
Mandibular central incisor
51
True or false, theres a 10% decrease in birth weight on the first week of life of a new born?
TRUE
52
Physiologic anorexia occurs when?
2nd year of life
53
Complete myelination occurs when?
2nd year of life
54
VA of 20/20
4 years old
55
All primary teeth errupted at?
3 years old
56
Best time to read poetry.
3 years old
57
Vaccines that cannot be given simultaneously
Yellow fever and cholera
58
Fully immunized child means?
1 dose of BCG at birth, within 12 months. 3 doses of BCG and OPV every 4 weeks. (Starting 2 months) 3 doses of Hepa B after birth. (0,1,6) 1 dose of measles vaccing at 9 months. Plus MMR (6 months after measles vaccine) and Hib (9 moths)
59
Polyarticular disease type of juvinile RA. HLA TYPE?
HLA DR4
60
Pauciarticular disease type of RA, HLA TYPE?
HLA DR8 & DR5
61
Reactive AS would present as?
Reiters syndrome
62
Sacroillitis in xray.
AS
63
More specific for lupus and reflects the degree of disease activity.
Anti-ds DNA
64
MC of the pediatric inflammatory myopathies.
Dermatomyositis
65
Earliest manifestation of scleroderma.
Reynauds phenomenon
66
Less than 5yo: Bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection, non purulent. Dry fissured lips, Strawberry tongue. Edema and erythema of the hands and feet in acute phase and periungual desquamation in the subacute phase. Truncal rash, polymorphus, non vesicular. Cervical LAD.
Kawasaki disease
67
BV most affect by kawasaki.
Medium sized artery (coronary artery)
68
Important PE finding in patient with kawasaki less than 1yo.
Perineal erythema
69
Fibrosis affecting the dermis and arteries of the lung, kidney and GIT.
Scleroderma
70
Vasculitis of all blood vessel esp medium sized arteries.
Kawasaki
71
IgA mediated vasculitis of small vessel.
HSP
72
MCC of nonthrombocytopenic purpura in children.
HSP
73
2 to 8 yo. Male. Palpable, raised purpura, red to brown, lasts for 3 to 10 days. Intermittent abdominal pain.
HSP
74
Hallmark of HSP.
Palpable petichae or purpura that evolve from red to brown that last from 3 to 10 days.
75
Skin biopsy finding of HSP.
Leukocytoclastic angitis
76
Renal biopsy finding of HSP.
IgA mesangial deposition
77
6yo; Female; Heliotrophic rash (periorbital violaceous erythema may cross the nasal bridge); Gottron papules (alligator skin like appearance); (+) ANA with speckled pattern in >60%.
Dermatomyositis
78
Tightness, thickening, non-pitting induration involving proximal to the MCP or MTP joints. Sclerodactyly. Digital pitting scars resulting from digital ischemia. Bibasilar pulmonary fibrosis not attributable to primary lung disease.
Scleroderma
79
Most common esophageal disorder in children of all ages
GERD
80
MC TEF
Type A
81
MC foreign object swallowed by 6 months to 3 years old?
Coins
82
MCC of nonbilious vomiting.
Pyloric stenosis
83
Acid base balance abnormality in patient with pyloric stenosis.
Hypochloremic metabolic acidosis
84
Firm, olive-shaped mass, post-prandial vomiting.
Pyloric stenosis
85
Barium: shoulder sign, double tract sign
Pyloric stenosis
86
Surgical procedure for pyloric stenosis.
Ramstedt pyloromyotomy
87
Bird's beak sign. Inverted U sign. Coffee bean sign.
Volvulus
88
Double bubble sign. Bilious vomiting. Polyhydramnios. Jaundice. Failure to recanalize the lumen during 4th and 5th week AOG.
Doudenal atresia
89
MC type of malrotation.
Failure of the cecum to move into RLQ
90
Remnant of omphalomesenteric duct which connects the yolk sac to the gut in the embryo.
Meckels diverticulum
91
Intermittent painless rectal bleeding and brick colored stool. MC congenital GI anomaly
Meckel diverticulum.
92
Delayed passage of meconium. Chronic constipation. Dec blood flow and deterioration of mucosal barrier leading to enterocolitis.
Hirschprung disease
93
Currarino triad: Anorectal malformation. Sacral bone anomalies. Presacral masses.
Hirschprung disease in older patient.
94
Currant jelly stool. Doubles up (legs and knee are flexed with loud crying). Severe paroxysmal colicky pain that recurs at frequent intervals with straining efforts. Sausage shape mass in RUQ. BARIUM: coiled spring sign. UTZ: doughnut or target sign.
Intussusception
95
Standard ORS composition
Glucose : 75, Na: 75, Cl: 65, K: 20, Citrate: 10, Osm: 245mmol/l
96
Sentinel loop. Colon cut off sign. Ileus. Blurring in left psoas margin. Peripancreatic extraluminal gas bubbles.
Acute pancreatitis
97
Prognostic system for acute pancreatitis in adult. Not in children.
Ransons criteria and APACHE score
98
First clinical evidence of HBV infection.
ALT
99
Window phase of HBV infection.
IgM anti HBC
100
Inc risk of transmitting HBV.
HBeAg
101
Most valuable single serologic marker of acute HBV infection.
Anti HBcAg
102
Presence of this will confer lower risk of transmitting HBV.
Anti HBe
103
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, uremia.
HUS
104
Helmet cell, Burr cell, Fragmented RBCs
HUS
105
Most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide.
IgA nephropathy
106
Complement decreases in APSGN.
C3
107
What major noxious products of complement activation are produced after c3 activation in APSGN?
Anaphylotoxin and c5a
108
Tea colored urine, hematuria. Periorbital edema. Hypertension. Oliguria.
APSGN
109
Best single Ab titer to document skin infection in patient with APSGN.
DNAse antigen
110
Mangement for APSGN.
Ten day course of penicilline. Furosemide 1mg/kg/dose IV. Sodium restriction. ACE inhibitor or CCB.
111
Bilateral flank mass. Potter facies.
PCKD
112
Most common cause of acute renal failure in young children.
HUS
113
Essential for newborn's functioning of the visual pigment rhodopsin.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
114
Most commom acyanotic heart disease.
VSD
115
Major energy source in breastmilk.
Fat
116
MC type of VSD.
Perimembranous
117
Initial manifestation of vitamin A deficiency.
Nyctalopia
118
What chamber of heart enlarges in VSD?
Left side and PA
119
General softening of the bones. Rachitic rosary. Harrison groove. Winswept groove.
Rickets
120
Systolic regurgitant murmur at the left lower sternal border, loud and single s2.
VSD
121
Rachitic rosary
Rickets
122
Chamber of the heart that enlarges in PDA.
Left side and PA
123
Kasal's necklace
Niacin
124
Most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease in new born.
TGA
125
Scorbutic rosary
Vitamin C
126
Egg shaped cardiac silhouette.
TGA
127
Pellagra
Niacin
128
RV tap along left sternal border. Systolic ejection murmur radiates at the back.
TOF
129
Microcytic anemia
Vitamin B6
130
Failure of development of the spiral septum.
Truncus arteriosus
131
Corckscrew hair
Vitamin C deficiency
132
All pulmonary veins drain to the RA. RV Volume overload.
TAPVR
133
Extreme exogenous obesity in which patient have severe cardiorespiratory distress with alveolar hypoventilation.
Pickwickian syndrome
134
Snowman sign.
TAPVR
135
Aim for the treatment of obesity.
Not weight loss but to slow or halt weight gain - weight maintenance
136
In truncus arteriosus what septal defect is always present?
VSD
137
Vitamin A dosage for ages 6 to 12 months
100,000IU
138
MC location of coarctation of aorta.
Descending aorta
139
Vitamin A dosage for age one year and older.
200,000IU
140
Congenital anomaly related to coarctation of aorta.
Turner's syndrome
141
NTD is a failure of spontaneous closure of neural tube during?
3rd and 4th week
142
Hypertension in upper extremities. Rib notching in children 7 yo.
Coarctation of aorta
143
Folic acid will prevent the occurance of NTD from preconception until?
12th week AOG
144
Associated with congenital rubella, noonan, and william syndrome.
Pulmonic stenosis
145
Folic acid dosage
0.4mg OD
146
Harsh systolic ejection murmur at the Right upper sternal border. Systolic thrill - Suprasternal notch.
Aortic stenosis
147
Failure to closure of the rostral neuropore.
Anencephaly
148
Systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border with radiation to the back.
Pulmonary stenosis
149
Severe form of NTD
Meningocoele
150
Surgery done in pulmonary stenosis.
Brocks procedure
151
Absent cerebral convolution and a poorly formed sylvian fissure.
Lissencephaly
152
Surgery done in aortic stenosis.
Ross procedure; Valve translocation from pulmonary valve.
153
Uni or bilateral clefts within the cerebral hemispheres.
Schizencephaly
154
Aschoff bodies
RHD
155
Presence of cyst or cavities within the brain.
Porencephaly
156
Most common valvular involvement in adults.
Mitral stenosis
157
Due to defective cleavage of the prosencephalon and inadequate induction of the forebrain structure.
Holoprosencephaly
158
Most common valvular involvement in children with RHD.
Mitral regurgitation
159
CSF is reabsorbed through what process?
Pinocytosis
160
Fish mouth buttonhole deformity. Weak peripheral pulses with narrow pulse pressure. Hemoptysis.
Mitral stenosis
161
CSF is reabsorbed by what cell?
Arachnoid villus cells
162
Systolic regurgitant murmur at the apex with transmission to the left axilla.
Mitral regurgitation
163
Setting sun sign, Long tract sign, Cracked pot sensation or mace wen sign, Chiari malformation (foreshortened occiput), Dandy walker malformation (prominent occiput)
Hydrocephalus
164
Chamber enlarge in MS.
LA and RV
165
Major complication of shunts?
S. epidermidis infection
166
Wide pulse pressure and bounding water hammer pulse. Diastolic murmur heard best at 3rd and 4th LCIS.
Aortic regurgitation.
167
Treatment for infantile spasm.
Vigabatran
168
Most common valvular heart disease.
MVP
169
Most common seizure disorders in childhood?
Febrile seizure
170
Most common complaint, MVP.
Palpitation
171
DOC for status epilepticus.
Phenytoin
172
Murmur at 2nd LICS with widely split S2.
ASD
173
Most prevalent type of migraine
Migraine without aura
174
Murmur at 2nd LICS with radiation to the upper back.
PS
175
Brain lesion consist of tubers located in the covolutions of the cerebral hemispheres at subependymal region that calcified and may produce a candle dripping appearance.
Tuberous sclerosis
176
Murmur at 2nd LICS with radiation to the interscapular area.
COA
177
Hamartomas located within iris
Lisch nodules
178
Murmur at 2nd RICS.
AS
179
Ash leaf skin, Shagreen path, Subungual or periungual fibromas
Tuberous sclerosis
180
Murmur at LLSB.
VSD
181
Murmur at LLSB with radiation to the left anterior axillary line.
MR
182
Sterile endocarditis, SLE
Libman sacks endocarditis
183
MCC of viral meningitis.
Echovirus
184
Osler nodes. Janeway lesion. Splinter hge. Roth spots.
Infective endocarditis
185
Brain abscess if common in age?
4 to 8 yo
186
Use to diagnose hyperpituitarism.
Serum somatomedin c (IGF-1)
187
MC site of brain abscess.
Cerebrum
188
Earliest sign of graves disease.
Emotional disturbance with motor hyperactivity.
189
Earliest and most constant sign of myasthenia gravis.
Ptosis and EOM weakness
190
Proximal muscle weakness, symptomatic late in the day.
Myasthenia gravis
191
MC cause of thyroid disease in children and adolescent.
Thyroiditis
192
Thought to be the site of Ach receptor antibodies.
Thymoma
193
MC endocrine metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescent.
DM
194
A short acting cholinestearse inhibitor use for clinical test of patient with guillain barret syndrome. Slight improvement in ptosis and ophthalmoplegia.
Edrophonium chloride IV Or Tensilon test
195
Aplastic anemia with microcephaly, microphthalmia, hearing loss, limb abnormalities.
Fanconis anemia
196
Not associated with other cranial neuropathies or brainstem dusfunction. Occurs after a systemic viral infection.
Bell's palsy
197
Most impt sign of IDA.
Pallor
198
Virus associated with bells palsy.
EBV, HSV, Mumps virus
199
Definitive diagnostis test for alpha thalasemia.
Hb electrophoresis
200
Acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy / symmetric ascending muscle weakness or paralysis.
Guillain barre syndrome
201
Target cell, heinz bodies
Alpha thalassemia
202
Landry ascending paralysis.
Gullain Barre Syndrome
203
Crew cut or hair on end appearance in skull radiograph.
Sickle cell disease * inc erythropoiesis cusing marrow expansion and new bone formation.
204
Last to resolve in guillain barre syndrome.
Tendon reflex and lower extremities
205
Howell jolly bodies.
Sickle cell disease
206
Used to eradicates nasopharyngeal carriage of diphtheria.
Erythromycin 40-50mg/kg/day x14days
207
MCC of thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood.
Idipathic thrombocytopenic purpura
208
MOT of diphtheria
Close contact via Airborne respiratory droplets
209
Fever. Anemia. Thrombocytopenia. Renal dysfunction. Nervous system changes. Inc bun and crea. Deficiency in metalloproteinase (ADAMTS-13).
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
210
Essential for new borns functioning of the visual pigment.
DHA
211
Omega 3
Linolenic acid. DHA.
212
Omega 6
Linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid.
213
Treatment for von willebrand disease.
Desmopressin and factor 8 concentrate
214
Explosive outburst in series of 5 to 10 rapid coughs in one expiration and ending in a high pitched whoop (forceful inspiratory gasp) often associated with suffusion of face or popping out of eyes and vomiting. Well in between paroxysm. Have petechial hge on the upper body.
Pertussis
215
MC posterior fosaa tumor in children.
Astrocytoma
216
Blood picture with pertussis.
Leukemoid reaction
217
MC supratentorial tumor in children.
Craniopharyngioma
218
DOC pertusis.
Erythromycin 40-50mg/kg/day q6 x14days
219
Abdominal mass that does not cross midline.
Wilms tumor
220
MOT meningococcemia.
Person to person through infected droplets
221
Abdominal mass that crosses the midline.
Neuroblastoma
222
Fever. Morbiliform rash > petechial rash > purpuric rash >echymotic rash
Meningococcemia
223
Sunburst pattern
Osteosarcoma
224
DOC meningococcemia
Pen G 250k-400k IV divided doses for atleast 5to7 days
225
Onion skin, moth eaten appearance.
Ewing sarcoma
226
Prophylaxis for meningococcemia.
Rifampicin
227
Osteosarcoma, what part of long bone?
Metaphysis
228
Rose spots
Salmonella
229
Ewing tumor, what part of long bone?
Diaphysis
230
Mainstay of diagnosis for salmonella.
Blood culture
231
Barking cough
LTB
232
DOC typhoid fever
Chloramphenicol 50-75 mg/kg/day x14-21days
233
Location of LTB.
Subglottic space
234
2 weeks High grade fever, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, anorexia, diarrhea, rash
Typhoid fever
235
Thumbprint or leaf sign.
Acute epiglotitis
236
MOT measles
Droplet spray
237
Steeple sign.
LTB
238
Branny desquamation
Measles
239
Location of acute epiglottitis.
Supraglottic
240
Vitamins given on complicated measles.
Vitamin A
241
Muffled voice, drooling.
Acute epiglotitis
242
3 day fever
German measles/rubella
243
Most common cause of brochilitis.
RSV
244
Forscheimer spot
German measles/rubella
245
Staccato cough.
Chlamydia
246
Blueberry muffin skin lesion
Congenital rubella syndrome
247
Most common significant pediatric cardiac arrhythmia.
SVT
248
DOC for SVT.
Adenosine
249
Familial nonhemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Criggler najjar syndrome, Gilberts syndrome
250
Most frequent complication of mumps.
Meningoencephalitis
251
Inherited conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Dubin johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome
252
Roseola suppresses what cellular lineage within bone marrow?
All
253
Maternal treatment for toxoplasmosis.
Spiramycin
254
Nagayama spots - uvulopalatoglossal junction
Roseola
255
Paraventricular calcification.
CMV
256
Interruption of limb development at 6 to 12 weeks AOG. eye and brain involvement in 16-20 weeks AOG.
Congenital VZV.
257
When is the best time to give acyclovir in VZV.
Within 24 hours the onset of rash
258
Hydrocephalus with generalized calcifications.
Toxoplasmosis
259
Use to measure the bone age-reference standards.
Radiograph of left hand and wrist
260
Herpangina causative agent.
Cox A
261
Skeletal maturity is linked to? Sexual maturity or chronological age?
Sexual maturity
262
5th disease
Erythema infectiosum
263
Dominant protein in human milk.
Whey
264
Slapped cheek appearance
Erythema infectiosum
265
Dominant milk in cows milk.
Casein
266
Primary cell line affected by erythema infectiosum.
Erythroid cell line
267
Eczema. Thrombocytopenia. Recurrent infection. Decreased IgM. T and B cell deficiency
Wiskott-aldrich syndrome
268
Lacy, reticulated appearance rash, sparing the palm and soles without desquamation.
Eryhthema infectiosum
269
Prolonged detachment of the umbilical cord.
Chronic granulomatous disease
270
6th disease
Roseola
271
Associated with IM. Symmetric rash on the cheek. Erythematous papules.
Gianotti crosti syndrome
272
Most common congenital infection.
CMV
273
Moist, honey colored crust
Impetigo
274
Tender, warm, erythematous plaques with ill defined borders.
Cellulitis
275
Mild rubbing of the skin results in epidermal separation leaving a shiny, moist, red surface.
Nikolsky sign
276
Malassezia furfur invades what layer of epidermis?
Stratum corneum
277
Causative agent of scabies.
Sarcoptes scabei
278
Brown crusted nodules on the trunk; s-shaped burrows.
Scabies
279
White or yellow 1-6mm discrete papules with a central umbilication
Molluscum contagoisum
280
Thick silvery scales, nail involvement and isomorphic phenomenon.
Psoriasis
281
Oval or round, fixed, red skin lesionwith dusky central zone. Target lesion. Iris lesion. No systemic signs and symptoms. Due to HSV specific host response.
Erythema multiforme
282
Fetal CO depends on?
HR
283
Functional closure of DA.
10-15 hours
284
Anatomical closure of DA.
2-3 weeks
285
Strongest stimulus for constriction of the ductal smooth muscle.
Inc in oxygen saturation
286
Most common ASD.
Ostium secundum
287
Chamber enlarge in ASD.
Right side and PA
288
Systolic ejection murmur at LEFT 2nd ICS.
ASD
