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Systems 1 Anatomy > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Which bones articulate with the manubrium

A

Clavicle

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2
Q

What type of joint occurs between the manubrium and the clavicle?

A

Primary cartilaginous Synovial saddle

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3
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process?

A

T9/10

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4
Q

At what vertebral level is the sternomanubrial joint?

A

T4/5

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5
Q

Which three parts make up the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process

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6
Q

Ribs articulate with which vertebrae?

Which part of the rib with which part of the vertebra?

A

Vertebrae of the same number and the one above
Head - Demi facet
Tubercule - costal facet

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7
Q

Which structures lay in the costal sulcus (groove)?

A

Intercostal VAN (vein, artery, nerve)

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8
Q

Which are the “true” ribs?

A

1-7

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9
Q

Which are the “false” ribs?

A

8-10

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10
Q

Which are the “floating” ribs?

A

11, 12

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11
Q

Vessel lying posterior to the scalene tubercle on the ____ rib?

A

Subclavian artery

First rib

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12
Q

Rib 1 articulate with which vertebra?

A

Trick question, T1 only

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13
Q

Articular facets of ribs articulate with what?

A

Demi-facets of vertebra of corresponding number and vertebra above

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14
Q

Which structures pass through the vertebral foramen

A

Nerve - spinal nerve

Meninges -

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15
Q

The Spinous Process of a thoracic vertebra is:

A

Long, Slender, down-sloping, non-bifid

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16
Q

Which bones form the thoracic inlet?

A

1st Rib
Manubrium
T1

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17
Q

Which bones form the thoracic outlet

A

Rib 11, 12
Costal cartilages 7-10
Xiphoid process

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18
Q

Which ribs form the costal margin?

A

7-10 (false ribs)

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19
Q

Which muscle is primarily used in a newborn’s breathing?

A

Diaphragm

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20
Q

Intercostal muscles used for inspiration, muscle fibre orientation?

A

External Intercostals

Inferoanterior

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21
Q

Intercostal muscles used for Expiration, muscle fibre orientation?

A

Internal and Innermost Intercostals

Inferoposterior

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22
Q

Which direction do innermost intercostal muscle fibres appear ?

A

Vertical

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23
Q

The neuromuscular bundle lies between which intercostal muscles?

A

Intermediate and innermost

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24
Q

In which area of the rib lies the neuromuscular bundle?

A

Costal groove

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25
What happens to the external/internal intercostal muscles at their distal end?
Become a thin aponeurosis called intercostal membrane
26
Innermost intercostal muscles only fill first half of the space, the rest is filled up by what (anteriorly and posteriorly)?
Anteriorly - Transversus Thoracis | Posteriorly - Subcostalis
27
What tissue layer lies between the skin and the external intercostal muscles?
Superficial and deep (muscle surrounding) fascia
28
What is a dermatome?
Area of skin supplied by a certain nerve
29
Which dermatomes lie over the sternal angle, nipple area, umbilicus and inguinal region, respectively?
T2 T4 T10 L1
30
The majority of lymph drains into which lymph nodes?
Anterior (pectoral) axillary lymph nodes
31
The (glandular) base of the breast is located between which ribs? Where on the chest?
Ribs 2-6 | Lateral border of sternum and mid-axillary line
32
What is the structure of the breast?
16-20 lobes | Surrounded by extensive adipose tissue
33
Which dome of the diaphragm lies higher in expiration? Why?
Right | (Left) heart in way, (right) liver/gall bladder in way
34
Which cardiac structure is firmly attached to the central tendon?
Fibrous pericardium
35
To which vertebra are the left crura attached?
L1, 2
36
To which vertebra are the right crura attached?
L1, 2, 3
37
Which membrane covers the superior surface of the diaphragm
Parietal pleura
38
What is the name of the central tendon to which the diaphragm is attached?
Aponeurosis
39
To which costal cartilages is the diaphragm attached?
Ribs 7-12
40
Opening and Vertebral level of such in the diaphragm
A - Aorta (12) E - Oesophagus (10) I - Inferior vena cava (8)
41
``` Which nerve (and corresponding vertebral levels) innervate the diaphragm? Afferent or sensory? ```
Phrenic Nerve C3, 4, 5 Afferent AND sensory
42
What nerves innervate the periphery of the diaphragm? Afferent or sensory?
Lower intercostal nerves | Afferent
43
Vertebral level of carina of the trachea?
T4
44
Which cartilage forms the laryngeal prominence? What type of cartilage?
Thyroid cartilage (hyaline)
45
Which structure stops solids/liquids entering the layngeal inlet? Which type of cartilage?
Epiglottis (elastic cartilage)
46
First tracheal cartilage inferior to the Thyroid cartilage is called what?
Cricoid cartilage
47
At what vertebral level does the Trachea continue from the larynx?
C6
48
How many hyaline cartilage rings comprise the trachea?
15-20
49
Which muscle completes the tracheal rings?
Trachealis
50
The right bronchi is what COMPARED to the left?
Shorter, wider, more vertical
51
The left bronchus passes inferiorly to which vessels?
Aorta | Left Pulmonary artery
52
What does the right lung possess that the left lung does not?
Middle lobe Horizontal/transverse fissure Superior lobar (eparterial) bronchus
53
On which lung surface is the hilum found?
Mediastinal surface
54
Which fascial membrane covers the apex of the lung?
Suprapleural membrane
55
What enables you to identify a bronchus?
Hyaline cartilage plates in wall
56
What are clustered around the veins of the hilum?
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
57
Which pleura is sensitive to pain?
Parietal
58
The parietal pleura is split into 4 parts, name them:
Mediastinal, diaphragmatic, costal, apical (cervical)
59
What are parietal reflections (and recesses)?
Locations where the parietal pleura changes direction (space of wider separation between pleura at the reflections)
60
Where and at what vertebral levels does the trachea begin and bifurcate?
``` Cricoid cartilage (larynx) C6 - T4 ```
61
The lung and parietal pleura sit at which rib-level in: 1. Midclavicular line 2. Midaxillary line 3. Midscapular line
1. 6 and 8 2. 8 and 10 3. 10 and 12
62
What is the histological structure of the lumen of the bronchi?
Mucosa, submucosa, (hyaline) cartilage layer, adventitia
63
What connective tissue fibre predominates the respiratory tract?
Elastin
64
What 2 cell types make up the _______ epithelium of the respiratory tract?
Basal cells, Goblet cells | Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated
65
Which tissues make up the respiratory mucosa?
Respiratory Epithelium | Lamina propria
66
What lies in the submucosa?
Serous glands
67
What is the function of the trachealis muscle?
To constrict the airway during forceful expiration
68
How does hyaline cartilage arrangement differ in the trachea vs bronchi vs bronchioles?
Trachea: C-shaped rings Bronchus: Plates (discontinuous) Bronchioles: None
69
What are the last components of the conducting airway?
Terminal Bronchioles
70
Describe the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles
Columnar or cuboidal No cartilage, glands or goblet cells Presence of smooth muscle
71
What are the three types of cells in the walls of alveoli?
Type 1 pneumocyte (thin) Type 2 pneumocyte (surfactant) Macrophage
72
Which two types of connective fibre predominate in the respiratory lung tissue?
Reticular and Elastic fibers

Systems 1 Anatomy (5 decks)

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