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Y3 - Paediatrics > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of infection is otitis media?

A

common, self-limiting VIRAL infection

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2
Q

how does otitis media present?

A

bulging eardrum

spontaneous rupture of eardrum

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3
Q

how do you treat otitis media?

A

analgesia

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4
Q

what is otitis media?

A

inflammation of the MIDDLE ear

otitis externa would be the outer ear

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5
Q

URTI examples:

A

tonsillitis/ pharyngitis

rhinitis

croup

epiglottitis

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6
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis

A

croup

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7
Q

LRTI examples

A

bronchiolitis

pneumonia

pertussis

bronchitis

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8
Q

Croup symptoms:

A

stridor

Coryza (cold, inflamed mucosa in the nose)

hoarse voice

‘barking cough’

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9
Q

how do you treat croup?

A

oral dexamethasone

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10
Q

how do you treat epiglottitis?

A

antibiotics and intubation

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11
Q

stridor is usually a symptoms of infections like:

A

croup

epiglottitis

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12
Q

URTI are very common but are also

A

self limiting!!!

antibiotics don’t usually help

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13
Q

common bacteria in LRTIs

A

Strep pneumoniae,

Haemophilus influenzae,

Moraxella catarrhalis,

Mycoplasma pneumoniae,

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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14
Q

if they have a wheeze- what is unlikely?

A

bacterial cause

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15
Q

if the signs are in one area

creps

high fever

what does this point to in a child?

A

pneumonia

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16
Q

how do you treat penumonia?

A

oral amoxycillin

oral macrolide

17
Q

what are signs that a child is in respiratory stress?

A

increased respiratory rate

increased heart rate

nasal flaring

grunting

agitation

use of accessory muscles

18
Q

what are the signs that a child is in respiratory failure?

A

low oxygen stats

cyanosis

somnolence

less respiratory rate and heart rate

19
Q

Cough in children. Differentials:

A

asthma

infection

allergic rhinitis

inhaled foreign body

CF

20
Q

wheeze in children.

differentials:

A

infection - bronchiolitis/ pneumonia

asthma

milk allergy

inhaled foreign body

CF

21
Q

stridor suggests the problem is where?

A

upper respiratory tract

22
Q

stridor differentials

A

croup

epiglottitis

anaphylaxis

inhaled foreign body

23
Q

wheeze suggests the problem is where?

A

lower respiratory tract

24
Q

if you hear crackles +/- wheeze in a child - what might they have?

A

bronchiolitis

25
Q

what are some signs/ symptoms of pneumoina

A

Signs are in one area (focal)

URTI signs

high fever

respiratory stress

brochial breathing and crackles heard

malaise/ poor feeding

26
Q

how do you treat pneumonia?

A

amoxcillin

27
Q

what is whooping cough also known as?

what is the bacteria?

A

pertussis

bordetella pertussis

28
Q

common reasons for heart failure in children is structural defects such as:

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

coarctation of the of
aorta

valve disease

29
Q

coarctation of the aorta (aortic narrowing) is common in what syndrome?

A

turners

30
Q

respiratory distress symptoms

A

increased resp rate and heart rate

nasal flaring

agitation

recession/ retraction

accessory muscle use

grunting

31
Q

differentials of cough

A

infection

asthma

allergic rhinitis

inhaled foreign body

CF

32
Q

differentials of wheeze in children

A

asthma

bronchiolitis

pneumonia

allergy (milk allergy)

inhaled foreign body

33
Q

differentials of stridor

A

infection (croup, epiglottitis)

anaphylaxis

inhaled foreign body

34
Q

differentials for respiratory crackles

A

pneumonia (unilateral)

bronchiolitis (bilateral)

35
Q

two main defining features of croup

A

subglottic inflammation

oedema

36
Q

bronchiolitis causes:

A

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)

paraflu

37
Q

over 5 years old what do you give for asthma

A

SABA

LABA / ICS

38
Q

under 5 years old what do you give for asthma

A

SABA

LTRA

Y3 - Paediatrics (16 decks)

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