Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

mast cell degranulation leads to what?

A

rapid release and onset of symptoms

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2
Q

secreted inflammatory markers in allergies

A

prostaglandins

leukotrienes

cytokines

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3
Q

actions of histamine

A

bronchial smooth muscle contraction

vasodilation

separation of endothelial cells

pain and itching

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4
Q

common causes of allergies in children

A

food

bee sting/wasp

drugs

exercise

idiopathic

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5
Q

common food allergens

A

milk

eggs

peanuts

tree nuts

soya

wheat

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6
Q

mild to moderate reaction would give what symptom?

A

angioedema (not involving the airway)

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7
Q

severe allergic reaction would involve what symptom?

A

angioedema of the airway

STRIDOR

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8
Q

utricaria

A

hives/ red bumps/ wheals

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9
Q

how to you investigate an allergy?

A

skin prick test

specific IgE

oral food challenge (gold standard)

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10
Q

what if you cant find the allergen? what do you prescribe?

A

anti-histamines (sedating and non-sedating)

leukotriene antagonist or H2 receptor antagonist

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11
Q

Symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

laryngeal oedema

hypotension/ collapse

bronchospasm

feeling of impending doom

onset usually in minutes

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12
Q

risk factors for anaphylaxis

A

poorly controlled asthma

stress

exercise

viral infection

alcohol

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13
Q

how do you treat anaphylaxis?

A

adrenaline pen (EPIPEN)

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14
Q

what does adrenaline do in anaphylaxis treatment?

A

reverses peripheral vasodilation

increases peripheral vascular perfusion

improves BP and coronary perfusion

decreases angio-oedema

causes bronchodilation

decreases the release of inflammatory mediators

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15
Q

General measurements to manage allergies in children:

A

allergen avoidance

anti-histamine

adrenaline injectors

dietary advice

optimise asthma control

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