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respiratory and circulatory systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Epiglottis

A

prevents food from entering the trachea

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2
Q

Esophagus

A

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

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3
Q

Circulatory system

A

transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat ect. around the body

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4
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into the body. gets. rid of carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Pharynx

A

throat

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6
Q

lungs

A

the organ responsible for the exchange of oxygenated. carbon dioxide

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7
Q

bronchi

A

airways in the lungs that lead from trachea to bronchioles

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8
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi leading to the alveoli

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9
Q

trachea

A

windpipe made of c ringed cartilage

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10
Q

Inhalation

A

Diaphragm contracts and moves down, intercostal muscles contract and ribs move up and out. Increases volume and decreases pressure, air moves from HP to LP

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11
Q

Exhalation

A

Diaphragm relaxes and moves up, ribs move down and in, the volume decreases and increases the pressure.

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12
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

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13
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Nose warms, moistens and flyers the air

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

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15
Q

Alveoli

A

any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between lung and capillaries

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16
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, are thick walled with elastic tissue

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17
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, thinner walls and have valves

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18
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood

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19
Q

Red blood cells

A

erythrocytes, that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

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20
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes, destroy pathogens

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21
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments important in. Clotting

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22
Q

Fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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24
Q

Varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

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25
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels in your body that connect arteries to veins
26
Bicuspid valve
valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
27
Triscuspid valve
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
28
Pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
29
Inferior Vena cava
the vein that returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm
30
Aortic semi lunar valve
Valve between left ventricle and aorta
31
Systole
Contraction of the heart
32
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
33
Blood pressure
the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries, measured as systole/diastole
34
Sinoatrial node
pacemaker of the heart, located in upper part of right atrium
35
Ventilation
inhalation of O2 and exhalation of CO2
36
External Respiration
exchange of gases between alveoli (lungs) and blood (circulatory)
37
Internal Respiration
movement of gases between the blood and the cells
38
Medulla oblongata
Base on f the brain controls breathing rate by detecting changes in the blood pH
39
Control of Breathing
- Controlled by automatic (autonomic) nervous system - Medulla oblongata located at the stem of the brain chemoreceptors detect changes in pH • increase in blood CO2  increase in carbonic acid (lower pH)  increases breathing rate
40
fish respiratory system
- blood is pumped into gills - counter current flow maximizes the diffusion of o2 into the gills due to this flow o2 is always greater. in h2o. and can diffuse into the gills
41
Pneumonia
inflammation in one or both lungs; it is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection... interferes with gas exchange, and the body becomes starved for oxygen
42
Bronchitis
bronchi become red, inflamed, and filled with mucus...acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant...cilia lining the bronchi are gradually destroyed)
43
Asthma
Inhaled irritants such as pollen, dust, and smoke can often trigger an inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles...narrows the air passages of the bronchi and bronchioles, thus reducing airflow. People with asthma experience wheezing, coughing, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath
44
Emphysema
walls of the alveoli lose their elasticity...the respiratory surface for gas exchange and causes an oxygen shortage...Exhaling becomes difficult because the small airways collapse during exhalation, trapping air in the lungs and blocking the airflow
45
Cystic Fibrosis
genetic condition causes cells lining the airways to release thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. The mucus traps disease-causing agents, making it difficult to clear bacteria that cause lung infections
46
Cardiac circulation
blood capillaries within the heart
47
Pulmonary circulation
heart - lungs
48
Systemic circulation
heart - rest of the body
49
Red Blood Cell scientific name
Erythrocytes
50
White Blood Cells scientific name
Leukocytes
51
Control of Heart Rate
- contraction without brain input - Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells are nerve cells in the right atrium - SA node causes the atria to contract sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV) node. - electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres called Purkinje fibres to the ventricles - causing them to contract.
52
Purkinje fibres
Transmits signal from AV node to apex of the heart causing ventricles to contract from bottom up.
53
Fish with a two chambered heart
- Deoxygenated blood enters the atrium, then into the ventricle - It is pumped to the gills for. Oxygenation
54
What is arteriosclerosis?
arteries thicken and lose elasticity
55
Describe the two methods of treating arteriosclerosis
...angioplasty-insert a tube into artery, and a tiny balloon forces the artery open ...coronary bypass
56
What is an aneurysm?
...bulge in the artery caused by weakened area
57
What is an arrhythmia?
..irregular heartbeat
58
What are congenital defects? Describe heart murmurs as an example
born with....heart murmurs abnormal blood flow in the heart (example valves do not close fully causing a wooshing sound as blood leaks through when the heart beats)
59
What is a stroke?
...arteries supplying blood to the brain are damaged results in brain tissue not getting nutrients and oxygen
60
Describe 3 technologies used in diagnosing: ECHO, ECG, Holter monitor
...ECHO (echocariogram)- ultrasound to see 3D of heart...could check valves and chambers ...ECG (electrocardiogram) ...Holter monitor records heart signals for 24-48 hours
61
hemophilia
a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
62
leukaemia
a malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes. These suppress the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia and other symptoms.

Biology (6 decks)

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