The nervous system Topic Quiz Flashcards
Which of the following is INCORRECT about a nerve cell (neuron)?
a. A neuron in its resting state is depolarised
b. An action potential is needed to propagate neurotransmission
c. Transmission along the axon is electrical
d. Some are myelinated while some are not
e. They are excitable
a. A neuron in its resting state is depolarised
The receptors on the motor end plate of a skeletal muscle which acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) binds to are of what type?
a. Muscarinic
b. Nicotinic
c. Adrenergic
d. Serotonergic
e. Histaminergic
b. Nicotinic
Neurotransmitters are released at the synaptic cleft through which process?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Hemocytosis
d. Recycling
e. Active transport
a. Exocytosis
Which of the following is INCORRECT about neurotransmitters?
a. Amino acid neurotransmitters are only found in the autonomic nervous system
b. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
c. Noradrenaline and acetylcholine are the main neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system
d. They can be inactivated through reuptake or cholinesterases
e. Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
a. Amino acid neurotransmitters are only found in the autonomic nervous system
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the myelin sheath?
a. It is not found in motor neurons
b. It is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system
c. It speeds up transmission of nerve impulse
d. It insulates the neurons
e. In neurons with the myelin sheath, transmission of nerve impulse occurs by saltatory conduction
a. It is not found in motor neurons
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a. Efferent neurons lie mainly in the central nervous system
b. Neurons comprise about 10% of central nervous system cells
c. White brain matter is so called because of the colour of the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons
d. Interneurons comprise about 99% of all neurons
e. Afferent neurons lie mainly in the peripheral nervous system
a. Efferent neurons lie mainly in the central nervous system
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the vestibular nerve?
a. Vestibular neuritis
b. Labyrinthitis
c. Meniere’s disease
d. BPPV
e. Vestibular migraine
a. Vestibular neuritis
Which ONE is an anticholinesterase inhibitor used in dementia?
a. Rivastigmine
b. Ramipril
c. Rivaroxaban
d. Risperidone
e. Risedronate
a. Rivastigmine
The brain stem does NOT include the:
a. Diencephalons
b. Midbrain
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Pons
e. Basilar artery
a. Diencephalons
Damage to this part of the brain can cause language disturbances:
a. Wernickes area
b. Substantia nigra
c. Hippocampus
d. Thalamus
e. Medulla oblongata
a. Wernickes area
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Parkinson’s Disease?
a. Hypermotility
b. Muscle rigidity
c. Diminished sense of smell
d. Stooped posture
e. Sleep disturbances
a. Hypermotility
What class of drug is carbidopa?
a. DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
b. COMT inhibitor
c. Dopamine agonist
d. Antiviral
e. MAO-B inhibitor
a. DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
What counselling point is important to discuss with patients commenced on levodopa?
a. Treatment with levodopa is associated with impulse control disorders such as gambling, binge eating or hypersexuality
b. Levodopa has long half-life so you will feel its therapeutic effects for a significant length of time
c. Levodopa bears no impact on your ability to drive or operate machinery
d. >95% of the drug will reach your brain, so the chance of experiencing peripheral side effects is very unlikely
e. Levodopa is a short-term treatment that will be stopped once the dopamine is adequately replenished in your brain
a. Treatment with levodopa is associated with impulse control disorders such as gambling, binge eating or hypersexuality
As a precaution, it is recommended that male patients use effective contraception (condoms, plus contraception used by the female sexual partner) throughout the valproate treatment period and for how long after stopping valproate?
a. 3 months
b. 2 weeks
c. 6 months
d. As soon as valproate has been weaned off completely
e. As per specialist advice
a. 3 months
Which of the following medications can reduce a person’s seizure threshold?
a. All of the options listed
b. Beta-lactam antibiotics
c. Tramadol
d. Fluoroquinolones
e. Isoniazid
a. All of the options listed
Using the following formula, calculate the corrected phenytoin level due to a patient’s low albumin:
Reported level = 15 mg/L; Sr Albumin = 25 g/L
(formula = corrected phenytoin level mg/L)
23.6mg/L
Which government agency do you need to inform after having any kind of seizure?
a. DVLA
b. HMRC
c. FSA
d. CMA
e. MHRA
a. DVLA
The sympathetic nervous system is often described as the ‘fight and flight’ response. Which of the following is NOT part of that process?
a. Increased gut motility
b. Vasodilatation in skeletal muscle
c. Sweating
d. Bladder relaxation
e. Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
a. Increased gut motility
Following surgery, the immediate pain management plan for Mrs Jones is at the highest rung of the WHO analgesic ladder (step 3), and includes the use of morphine. Which of the following combinations of non-opioid drugs would be appropriate to use with morphine at this rung of the ladder?
a. Paracetamol and ibuprofen
b. Tramadol and paracetamol
c. Tramadol and ibuprofen
d. Buprenorphine and diclofenac
e. Gabapentin and paracetamol
a. Paracetamol and ibuprofen
β1 adrenoceptors are associated with the Gs type G-protein which causes which ONE of the following changes in second messenger concentration?
a. Increased cAMP concentration
b. Decreased cAMP concentration
c. Decreased inositol triphosphate concentration
d. Increased inositol triphosphate concentration
e. Decrease of diacylglycerol concentration
a. Increased cAMP concentration
