Respiratory Disease in Laboratory Animals

Question 1

how are rodents housed to prevent spread of disease within the facility?

Answer 1

micro-isolator cages

Question 2

what does Sendai virus cause?

Answer 2

acute respiratory infection in mice, rats, hamsters

Question 3

what does Sendai virus induce?

Answer 3

epithelial necrosis
hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium

Question 4

what is the host range of pneumonia virus of mice?

Answer 4

mice, rats, hamsters (possibly guinea pigs)

Question 5

what is pneumonia virus of mice?

Answer 5

pneumovirus of the family paramyxoviridae

Question 6

where do pneumonia virus of mice replicate?

Answer 6

in respiratory epithelial cell cytoplasms and virions bud from the cell membrane

Question 7

what viruses cause rat coronavirus?

Answer 7

Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA) and rat coronavirus (RCV)

Question 8

what does Sialodacryoadenitis virus cause?

Answer 8

sialodacryoadenitis in rats
acute self-limiting disease with high morbidity and low mortality

Question 9

what does rat coronavirus cause?

Answer 9

usually subclinical infection
rhinotracheitis and mild interstitial pneumonia

Question 10

what does Mycoplasma pulmonis cause?

Answer 10

chronic persistant airway infection

Question 11

what does Corynebacterium kutscheri cause?

Answer 11

“pseudotubercylosis” in rat and mouse colonies
multiple organ absessation

Question 12

what does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

Answer 12

aymptomatic infection of nasopharynx of rats normally
stress or concurrent infections can lead to more serious (nasal discharge, dyspnea, stridorous breathing)

Question 13

what can develop if Streptococcus pneumoniae infection progresses to the lungs?

Answer 13

characteristic fibrinous pneumonia and subsequent pericarditis and pleural effusion

Question 14

what is cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus?

Answer 14

gram negative filamentous bacterium

Question 15

what does cilia-associated respiratory bacillus do?

Answer 15

colonizes ciliated epithelial cells: mononuclear infiltration of the underlying tissue

Question 16

what is Pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 16

fungus
causes progressive pneumonia in immunosuppressed/immunodeficient individuals

Question 17

what pathogen infects guinea pigs?

Answer 17

Bordatella bronchiseptica

Question 18

what does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause in guinea pigs?

Answer 18

purulent bronchitis with extension into parenchymal region
purulent bronchopneumonia follows

Question 19

what commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of rabbits?

Answer 19

Pasteurella multocida

Question 20

what does Pasteurella multocida cause in rabbits usually?

Answer 20

rhinitis, “snuffles”
conjunctivitis, otitis media, occasionally pneumonia

Question 21

what does measles result in in nonhuman primates?

Answer 21

fever, papular rash, giant cell pneumonia in macaques and some new world species

Question 22

what is measles causes by?

Answer 22

morbillivirus in family paramyxoviridae

Question 23

what causes tuberculosis in nonhuman primates?

Answer 23

Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis

Question 24

who is tuberculosis prominent in?

Answer 24

captive old world species

Question 25

what are the clinical signs of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates?

Answer 25

cough anorexia weight loss progressive dyspnea

Question 26

what does Pneumonyssus simicola cause?

Answer 26

pulmonary acariasis multiple discrete cystic nodules throughout the lungs

Question 27

who does Pneumonyssus simicola impact?

Answer 27

nearly all rhesus are infected

Question 28

what does sialodacryoadenitis virus cause pathologically?

Answer 28

cervical swellings- enlarged salivary glands inflammation and necrosis in salivary and lacrimal glands and in nasal epithelium periorbital porphyrin staining

Question 29

why are infectious diseases bad for science?

Answer 29

increases variability in data obtained from studies increases number of animals needed to obtain reliable data causes erroneous conclusions or irreproducible experiments

Question 30

in whom is the impact of Sendai virus greatest?

Answer 30

mouse colonies

Question 31

what happens in epizootic infections of Sendai virus in previously uninfected colonies?

Answer 31

lasts months dyspnea ruffled fur weight loss neonatal mortality

Question 32

________ mice eliminate Sendai virus earlier than ________ ones

Answer 32

outbred inbred

Question 33

in sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA), there is inflammation and necrosis in ________________________________________

Answer 33

salivary and lacrimal glands and in the nasal epithelium

Question 34

who is more likely to develop an acute pneumonia with Mycoplasma pulmonis?

Answer 34

mice more likely than rats

Question 35

what does Mycoplasma pulmonis inhabit?

Answer 35

surface of ciliated respiratory epithelium

Question 36

who has cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus been isolated from and who can it infect?

Answer 36

isolated from rats with chronic respiratory disease mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits

Question 37

what stain will highlight Pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 37

methenamine silver stain post-mortem

Question 38

what happens in extreme cases of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits?

Answer 38

systemic spread of infection: abscesses, pyometra, and septicemia

Question 39

what are the clinical signs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis (infects old world species)?

Answer 39

cough anorexia weight loss progressive dyspnea

Question 40

what is Pneumonyssus simicola?

Answer 40

lung mite

Question 41

in sendai infection, viral fusion protein leads to _______________

Answer 41

giant cell formation

Question 42

which mice are susceptible to pneumonia virus of mice?

Answer 42

weanling mice clinically apparent disease has not been found in immunocompetent mice athymic mice develop diffuse interstitial pneumonia

Question 43

what do rats develop with pneumonia virus of mice?

Answer 43

mild interstitial pneumonia

Question 44

what causes periorbital porphyrin staining?

Answer 44

sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA)

Question 45

what can sialodacryoadenitis virus cause after experimental inoculation?

Answer 45

lower respiratory tract lesions in rats: tracheitis, bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia

Question 46

what do rats generally show with Mycoplasma pulmonis?

Answer 46

rhinitis and otitis

Question 47

what is the range of host response to Mycoplasma pulmonis?

Answer 47

negligible to systemic illness: weight loss, hunched, roughened hair coat

Question 48

what can lead to outbreaks of Corynebacterium kutscheri?

Answer 48

irradiation corticosteroid treatment concurrent infection

Question 49

what does Streptococcus pneumoniae normally cause in rats?

Answer 49

asymptomatic infection of nasopharynx

Question 50

how is Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis transmitted to colony primates?

Answer 50

most likely from human asymptomatic carriers