Respiratory Disease of Swine and Small Ruminants

Question 1

what reproductive signs does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus cause?

Answer 1

stillbirths
mummified fetuses
abortions
premature/weak births

Question 2

what are the major subtypes of swine influenza in pigs?

Answer 2

H1N1
H3N2

Question 3

what does swine influenza primarily affect?

Answer 3

epithelium of nose, sinuses, and conducting airways
sometimes alveoli

Question 4

what are the clinical signs of swine influenza?

Answer 4

acute onset fever, coughing, oculonasal discharge, anorexia

Question 5

what are some syndromes associated with porcine circovirus type 2?

Answer 5

postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
PCV-2 associated respiratory disease
porcine dermatopathy and nephropathy syndrome
reproductive failure

Question 6

what characterizes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?

Answer 6

high mortality
chronic wasting
respiratory disease
in postweaning or mature pigs

Question 7

what is the key feature of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?

Answer 7

lymphoid depletion with replacement of lymphocytes by macrophages and giant cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions
lymph nodes often large, tan, and firm

Question 8

what does swine influenza predispose swine to?

Answer 8

secondary bacterial pneumonia

Question 9

what type of pneumonia is associated with porcine circovirus type 2?

Answer 9

bronchointerstitial pneumonia
sometimes secondary bacterial bronchonpneumonia

Question 10

what causes mycoplasmal pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia of swine?

Answer 10

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Question 11

what pigs are more likely to show signs of mycoplasmal pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia of swine?

Answer 11

newly acquired in herd: all age groups
endemic in herd: growing pigs after stress (weaning)

Question 12

what is porcine contagious pleuropneumonia due to?

Answer 12

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) or Actinobacillus suis (milder)

Question 13

what is the agent of Glasser’s disease?

Answer 13

Glaesserella parasuis

Question 14

what is the agent of enzootic nasal tumor virus?

Answer 14

Betaretrovirus

Question 15

what is the agent of chronic proliferative rhinitis?

Answer 15

Salmonella enterica, subspecies diarizonae

Question 16

what is the histology associated with chronic proliferative rhinitis?

Answer 16

mucosal hyperplasia with polypoid projections containing abundant intracytoplasmic 1-2 micrometer eosinophilic cocbacill

Question 17

what is the agent of nasal myiasis?

Answer 17

Oestrus ovis

Question 18

what can you see grossly with nasal myiasis?

Answer 18

larva present within nasal cavity, maybe paranasal sinuses and ethmoid extension

Question 19

what is the agent of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?

Answer 19

ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi-Visna virus)

Question 20

what are the clinical signs of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?

Answer 20

slowly progressive emaciation
tachypnea
dyspnea (adults)
neurologic signs (lambs)

Question 21

what is the gross appearance of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?

Answer 21

heavy, pale gray or tan, diffusely firm/rubbery lungs with rib impressions

Question 22

what is the agent of small ruminant lentivirus in goats?

Answer 22

caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)

Question 23

what are the clinical signs of small ruminant lentivirus in goats?

Answer 23

slowly progressive emaciation
lameness, swollen joints, neurologic signs
dyspnea/tachypnea, hard udder, agaliactia

Question 24

what can be seen grossly with bluetongue?

Answer 24

pulmonary artery hemorrhage
widespread vasculitis: particularly oral mucosa

Question 25

what can be seen grossly with pasturellosis?

Answer 25

severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia (cranioventral) with pleuritis

Question 26

what is the agent of caprine contagious pleuropneumonia (CCPP)?

Answer 26

Mycoplasma capricolum spp capripneumoniae

Question 27

what is the large lungworm in small ruminants?

Answer 27

Dictyocaulus filaria

Question 28

what can be seen grossly with the red lungworm in small ruminants?

Answer 28

soft, medium sized subpleural nodules centered on red worms within terminal bronchioles and alveoli

Question 29

what type of pneumonia is associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?

Answer 29

interstitial pneumonia

Question 30

what clinical signs are associated with swine influenza?

Answer 30

acute onset fever, coughing, oculonasal discharge, anorexia

Question 31

what syndromes are associated with porcine circovirus type 2?

Answer 31

postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome PCV2-associated respiratory disease porcine dermatopathy and nephropathy syndrome reproductive failure

Question 32

in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, lymph nodes are

Answer 32

large, tan, firm

Question 33

what does Suid herpesvirus 1/Pseudorabies cause?

Answer 33

necrosis, intranuclear inclusions mild upper respiratory and reproductive infections in adults fatal in young

Question 34

what does pseudorabies cause in non-swine?

Answer 34

fatal neurologic disease in many

Question 35

what does cytomegalovirus cause?

Answer 35

mild rhinitis in suckling pigs

Question 36

what is cytomegalovirus?

Answer 36

inclusion body rhinitis betaherpesvirus

Question 37

what characterizes the non-progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 37

milder rhinitis without permanent facial deformity Bordatella bronchiseptica

Question 38

what characterizes the progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 38

severe rhinitis with permanent facial deformation with progressive atrophy of conchae toxigenic strains Pasteurella multocida atrophy/loss of conchae

Question 39

how is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae transmitted?

Answer 39

direct contact

Question 40

what are common features of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

Answer 40

cranioventral suppurative bronchopneumonia bronchiectasis

Question 41

what happens when a naive herd is exposed to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

Answer 41

spreads rapidly high morbidity and high mortality

Question 42

what type of pneumonia does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause?

Answer 42

caudodorsal fibrinous pleuropneumonia

Question 43

what is the most common cause of tuberculosis in the US?

Answer 43

Mycobacterium avium

Question 44

how is Mycobacterium avium spread?

Answer 44

environment: not pig to pig

Question 45

what are the most common lesions in tuberculosis?

Answer 45

granulomatous tonsilitis and lymphadenitis

Question 46

what type of pneumonia does Ascaris suum cause?

Answer 46

interstitial pneumonia

Question 47

what does Metastrongylus spp cause in the lungs?

Answer 47

emphysema: polygonal areas atelectasis caudodorsal regions of caudal lung lobes

Question 48

who does Parainfluenza virus 3, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses primarily impact?

Answer 48

young small ruminants infection typically mild

Question 49

what lesions raise suspicion to bluetongue virus?

Answer 49

oral erosions/ulcers coronary band hyperemia/hemorrhage hemorrhage in wall pulmonary artery pulmonary edema congenital defects abortion

Question 50

how do ruminants with enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma present?

Answer 50

nasal discharge upper respiratory obstruction weight loss

Question 51

true/false: most sheep infected with ovine progressive pneumonia are asymptomatic

Answer 51

true

Question 52

how can caprine arthritis encephalitis virus be distinguished from ovine progressive pneumonia?

Answer 52

kids: encephalomyelitis older goats: arthritis +/- pneumonia +/- chronic mastitis OPP: 2-4 years or older