Respiratory Disease of Dogs and Cats

Question 1

what are two sounds that indicate an upper airway issue in a dog?

Answer 1

stertor (snoring)
stridor (wheezing)

Question 2

what is a classic action associated with lower airway disease?

Answer 2

coughing

Question 3

what are some examples of lower airway disease in dogs?

Answer 3

chronic bronchitis
kennel cough complex

Question 4

what are some examples of lower airway disease in cats?

Answer 4

feline asthma
chronic bronchitis

Question 5

what causes parenchymal lung disease in dogs?

Answer 5

pneumonia
acute lung injury
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pulmonary contusions

Question 6

what causes parenchymal lung disease in cats?

Answer 6

cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pneumonia (atypical)
neoplasia
acute lung injury

Question 7

what causes pleural space disease in dogs?

Answer 7

heart failure
pyothorax
chylothorax
neoplasia
anticoagulant rat poison

Question 8

what causes pleural space disease in cats?

Answer 8

heart failure
pyothorax
neoplasia
chylothorax
FIP

Question 9

what type of virus is canine distemper virus?

Answer 9

RNA virus
paramyxoviridae family, genus morbilliviridae

Question 10

how is canine distemper virus transmitted?

Answer 10

direct or aerosol, followed by infection of respiratory epithelium, then spread through distant lymphoid tissues

Question 11

what are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus?

Answer 11

fever
nasal discharge
gastrointestinal signs
choriorentinitis
neurological signs

Question 12

what viruses are important in feline upper respiratory infection/complex?

Answer 12

herpes virus (most often)
calicivirus
pasteurella multocida
mycoplasma spp

Question 13

what virus is now showing multi-organ failure/vasculitis and death in cats?

Answer 13

a severe form of Calicivirus

Question 14

what is the histopathology of canine distemper virus?

Answer 14

eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies

Question 15

what can you find histopathologically with feline upper respiratory infection/complex?

Answer 15

evidence of ulceration
necrosis
pneumonia
inclusion bodies with herpes
chlamydial elementary bodies

Question 16

what most commonly causes kennel cough?

Answer 16

Bordatella bronchiseptica

Question 17

what are the clinical signs of kennel cough complex?

Answer 17

cough if uncomplicated
may progress to pneumonia
may be difficult to distinguish from Distemper

Question 18

what are the clinical signs of aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 18

fever
lethargy
nasal discharge
cough

Question 19

what bacteria can be in aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 19

mixed
usually gram-negative
can be gram-positive or anaerobic

Question 20

what is a pyothorax?

Answer 20

infection in pleural cavity: severe pleuritis, inflammation, pleural effusion and possibly sepsis

Question 21

who is at increased risk of pyothorax?

Answer 21

cats: outdoor and multi-household
hunting breed dogs

Question 22

what is the treatment for pyothorax?

Answer 22

cats: drain the chest and antibiotics
dogs: drain and antibiotics and surgery

Question 23

what organisms can cause fungal infections in the lungs?

Answer 23

Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillosis fumigatus
Blastomyces dermatititis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immitis

Question 24

where is Coccidioides immitis common?

Answer 24

Southwest/arid regions: San Joaquin Valley Fever
Arizona, California

Question 25

where is Blastomyces dermatititis common?

Answer 25

Ohio/Mississippi River Valley (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota)

Question 26

where is Histoplasma capsulatum common?

Answer 26

Ohio/Mississippi River Valley (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota)

Question 27

what is the histopathology of canine distemper virus?

Answer 27

eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies

Question 28

what are the clinical signs of feline upper respiratory infection/complex?

Answer 28

ocular/nasal discharge oral ulceration anorexia high fever occasionally moribund

Question 29

what might you see histopathologically in feline upper respiratory disease/complex?

Answer 29

ulceration evidence necrosis pneumonia inclusion bodies with herpes chlamydial elementary bodies

Question 30

how is aspiration pneumonia diagnosed?

Answer 30

clinical thoracic radiographs tracheal wash with culture

Question 31

what do you see histopathologically with aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 31

profound inflammatory: neutrophil infiltrate, acute lung injury

Question 32

what do you see histopathologically with kennel cough?

Answer 32

rarely anything may cough long time

Question 33

which animals are at increased risk for a pyothorax?

Answer 33

outdoor cats and multi-cat households hunting dogs

Question 34

what can cause a pyothorax?

Answer 34

cats: bite wounds dogs: inhaled foreign body or penetrating injury

Question 35

what do you see histopathologically with pyothorax?

Answer 35

inflammation intracellular bacteria acute lung injury

Question 36

who is Cryptococcus neoformans common in?

Answer 36

mostly cats: FeLV+ rare in dogs

Question 37

what does Aspergillosis fumigatus cause?

Answer 37

mostly rhino-sinusitis in dogs occasionally disseminated: german shepherds

Question 38

what is rhino-sinusitis?

Answer 38

nasal discharge often bloody

Question 39

who is at greater risk of Blastomyces dermatititis?

Answer 39

hunting dogs not reflective of immunosuppression

Question 40

what does Histoplasma capsulatum cause?

Answer 40

gastrointestinal disease pulmonary disease hepatic disease

Question 41

what does Coccidioides immitis cause?

Answer 41

San Juaquin Valley Fever respiratory, bone lesions

Question 42

what are some traumas that can cause respiratory disease?

Answer 42

head trauma tracheal injury: rare pneumothorax rib fractures pulmonary contusions

Question 43

what is the most common type of neoplasia in the lungs?

Answer 43

adenocarcinoma

Question 44

what can a lung torsion result in?

Answer 44

pleural effusion Afgan hounds

Question 45

what can a chylothorax result from?

Answer 45

lymphangectasia: aberrant dilation of thoracic duct and branches right-sided congestive heart failure anterior mediastinal mass