Tumors of the Respiratory System

Question 1

are nasal tumors generally malignant or benign?

Answer 1

malignant

Question 2

what is enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?

Answer 2

malignant transformation of nasal glandular epithelium by retroviral infection in small ruminants

Question 3

what are the clinical signs for a nasal tumor?

Answer 3

stertor/stridor
sneezing
oculonasal discharge/epiphora/epistaxis
facial deformity/exophthalmos
+/- neurologic signs

Question 4

what is the diagnostic approach to nasal tumors?

Answer 4

CT or rhinoscopy
cytology or biopsy

Question 5

what are some things that seem like nasal tumors that are not tumors?

Answer 5

granulomatous rhinitis
nasal polyp
ethmoid hematoma
nasal amyloidosis

Question 6

what causes granulomatous rhinitis?

Answer 6

local or systemic fungal infection in small animals
local fungal infection in large animals
foreign body reaction

Question 7

what are clinical signs that can come from a nasal polyp?

Answer 7

otitis externa/media/interna
Horner’s syndrome
upper respiratory tract obstruction

Question 8

what is nasal amyloidosis?

Answer 8

localized deposition of AL amyloids by plasma cells leading to single or confluent nodules within nasal submucosa

Question 9

what clinical signs can come from nasal amyloidosis?

Answer 9

nasal obstruction/dyspnea
+/- epistaxis

Question 10

what are the clinical signs of laryngeal/tracheal tumors?

Answer 10

cervical swelling
dysphonia: abnormal bark/voice
cough/exercise intolerance
respiratory distress, cyanosis, syncope, collapse
dysphagia, anorexia

Question 11

what cell type is common in primary neoplasms of the lungs?

Answer 11

epithelial more common than mesenchymal
round cell uncommon

Question 12

what are three subtypes of pulmonary carcinoma?

Answer 12

lepidic
papillary
invasive

Question 13

what is feline lung digit syndrome? what cancer causes it?

Answer 13

primary lung tumors metastasize to one or more digits
most often bronchogenic carcinoma- pulmonary carcinoma

Question 14

what causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

Answer 14

Jaagsiekte (JSRV): transmissible retrovirus

Question 15

what are the clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

Answer 15

loss of condition
cough
respiratory distress
driving sickness

Question 16

what are the clinical signs of pulmonary tumors?

Answer 16

cough
exercise intolerance
increased respiratory rate/effort
lethargy
anorexia/weight loss

Question 17

are secondary or primary neoplasms of the lungs more common?

Answer 17

secondary

Question 18

what are some things that look like a pulmonary tumor that are not?

Answer 18

granulomatous pneumonia
pulmonary fibrosis
osseous metaplasia

Question 19

what cancers can be in the pleura?

Answer 19

mesothelioma
body wall sarcomas

Question 20

what neoplasms can be in the mediastinum?

Answer 20

thymoma
thymic lymphoma
chemodectomas
thyroid carcinoma

Question 21

what species is mesothelioma most common in?

Answer 21

bovine

Question 22

what is mesothelioma?

Answer 22

rare neoplasm of pleural, pericardial, peritoneal mesothelium

Question 23

what are the two types of thymic tumors?

Answer 23

thymic epithelial cells (thymoma>thymic carcinoma)
thymic lymphocytes (thymic lymphoma)

Question 24

what are two heart-based masses?

Answer 24

chemodectoma
ectopic thyroid carcinoma

Question 25

what are some intrathoracic tumor paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 25

hypercalcemia hypertrophic osteopathy myasthenia gravis exfoliative dermatitis bilateral exophthalmos

Question 26

what is hypertrophic osteopathy?

Answer 26

painful periosteal proliferation and associated soft tissue swelling of the distal extremities in canines associated with primary or metastatic pulmonary neoplasia

Question 27

what is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 27

acquired form of thymoma-associated neuromuscular junction dysfunction in canines/felines resulting from autoantibodies against Ach-R

Question 28

what is exfoliative dermatitis?

Answer 28

thymoma-associated cutaneous ulceration/scale in felines, rabbits, canines

Question 29

what is bilateral exophthalmos?

Answer 29

intrathoracic mass effect with increased caval pressures decreased venous return from retro-orbital venous plexuses

Question 30

what is the most common nasal tumor in dogs?

Answer 30

nasal carcinoma

Question 31

what is the most common nasal tumor in cats?

Answer 31

lymphoma

Question 32

what can cause fungal granulomas in cats?

Answer 32

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 33

what is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma caused by?

Answer 33

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus/sheep pulmonary adenomatosis virus

Question 34

who is histiocytic sarcoma common in?

Answer 34

dogs: Bernese mountain dogs, rottweilers, retrievers

Question 35

what is histiocytic sarcoma?

Answer 35

dendritic cell origin part of disseminated process: lung, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, liver, joints, bone marrow

Question 36

what tumors can be in the cranial mediastinum?

Answer 36

thymic/mediastinal lymphoma thymoma chemodectoma ectopic thyroid/parathyroid tumors

Question 37

who are nasal/sinus cysts found in?

Answer 37

young horses

Question 38

who are progressive ethmoid hematomas found in?

Answer 38

mature horses

Question 39

which species have pulmonary neoplasia typically?

Answer 39

dogs and cats sheep- viral-induced

Question 40

what species are affected by thymic/mediastinal lymphoma?

Answer 40

cats with FeLV beef cattle without bovine leukemia virus sporadically in cats/dogs