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Term 3 Stanbridge > Respiratory Exam 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

ARDS

A

secondary cause. is a state of progressive oxygen deprivation following a serious illness or injury.
hypoxemic. will end up having hypoxia. ARDS patient is emergent.

know ABGs.

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2
Q

legionnaires

A

Legionnaires’ disease is a type of pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria.

contagious from air conditioning. bacteria.

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3
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

an embolus (clot) in the lungs

Prevent pulmonary embolism by encouraging clients to ambulate and to perform active exercises.

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4
Q

sinusitis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses, usually the maxillary or frontal sinus.

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5
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles

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6
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosa nd often the mucosa in the sinuses that can be caused by infection (viral or bacterial) or allergens.

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7
Q

atelectasis

A

deflated or collapsed alveoli

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8
Q

pneumonia

A

an inflammation of the lung with consolidation or solidification. The lung becomes firm as the air sacs are filled with exudates.

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9
Q

pulmonary tb

A

caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium. You can get TB by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person. contagious

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10
Q

emphysema

A

loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of lung tissue. Causes destruction of the alveoli, leading to a decreased surface area for gas exchange, carbon dioxide retention, and respiratory acidosis.

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11
Q

status asthmaticus

A

life threatening episode of airway obstruction that is often unresponsive to common treatment.

extreme wheezing, labored breathing, use of accessory muscles, and distended neck veins, and creates a risk for cardiac and or respiratory arrest.

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12
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

occurs when air enters the pleural space during inspiration through a one way valve and is not able to exit upon expiration

mediastinal shift

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13
Q

pulmonary edema

A

A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs.

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14
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural space

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15
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath

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16
Q

empyema

A

purulent (pus-containing) exudate in the pleural cavity.

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17
Q

what’s the BCG vaccine have to do with a positive PPD

A

clients who have received a BCG vaccine within the past 10 years can have a false positive mantoux test. These clients will need a chest X-ray to see if TB is an active infection.

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18
Q

what does inoculation mean

A

Getting yourself sick again.

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19
Q

respiratory acidosis risk factors are?

A

resp. depression from poisons, anesthetics, trauma, of euro diseases.

inadequate chest expnasion

airway obstruction

alveolar-capillary blockage secondary to pulmonary embolus

inadequate mechanical ventilation

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20
Q

describe purse lip breathing and why it’s used

A

The purpose of PLB is to create back-pressure inside airways to splint them open; moving air thus takes less work.

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21
Q

what group of people is the priority for the flu vaccine? why?

A

children first

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22
Q

what labs do we monitor if a pt is on TB meds and why

A

.

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23
Q

normal adult range for ABGs

A

pH 7.35 - 7.45 (acid - alka)
PaCO2 35 - 45 (alka - acid)
HCO3 22 -26 (acid - alka)

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24
Q

know the ROME mnemonic

A

Respiratory
Opposite

Metabolic
Equal

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25
normal adults sa02 range
95% - 100%
26
what physical attributes during your assessment would lead you to believe your pt has COPD
``` barrel-chest clubbed fingers JVD muscles on the shoulders skinny extremities ```
27
whats the difference between an embolus and a thrombus
thrombus stays. an embolus travels through the blood stream.
28
what does prophylactic mean
preventative measure
29
what test are AST and ALT
It is measured with a blood test and is sometimes useful in medical diagnosis to differentiate between causes of liver damage, or hepatotoxicity.
30
what is rebound congestion mean
Rhinitis medicamentosa (or RM) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants nasal sprays. everything but saline.
31
what does acute exacerbation mean
comes on suddenly. severe case of whatever is attacking at the moment.
32
describe what type of its would be in each isolation: contact droplet airborne no isolation
contact: c-diff, mrsa, droplet: airborne: TB, no isolation: standard precautions. hand washing
33
s/s of bleeding after sinus surgery would be
swallowing | tonsils
34
s/s of hypoxemia
``` restlessness anxiety headache disorientation confusion ```
35
who is at risk for thrombus
A being who is stagnant and not moving such as someone post op who is on bed rest until they get functions back.
36
normal ranges for WBC RBC H and H
WBC: 5000-10000 RBC: 4.2-5.6 H AND H: 12-16 AND 14-18 37-47 AND 42-52
37
are COPD disorders reversible or permanent but manageable
permanent but manageable
38
describe how you would teach a pt how to use their incentive spirometer
put the tube in their mouth, and suck in air as hard as they can to get the ball in the tube to go to the top
39
complications of pneumonia
atelectasis bacteremia (sepsis) ARDS
40
what do diminished breath sounds mean
Absent or decreased sounds can mean: Air or fluid in or around the lungs (such as pneumonia, heart failure, and pleural effusion) Increased thickness of the chest wall.
41
do we give antibiotics or antivirals for the FLU
the flu is a viral infection
42
why valium with vecuronium
both of these help those who can't breath, relax. helps take the edge off. patients wil ARDS muscular. pregnancy class C
43
what differences will you see in symptoms between bacterial versus viral pneumonia
do not give antibacterials for viral.
44
definition of refractory hypoxemia in relation to ARDS
hypoxia that can't be corrected by oxygen because of ARDS
45
whats chest physiotherapy
treatments generally performed by physical therapists and respiratory therapists, whereby breathing is improved by the indirect removal of mucus from the breathing passages of a patient. pulmonary toilleting. getting the crap out of the lungs
46
why is a chest tube the treatment of choice for a patient that has a deviated trachea due to chest trauma and a collapsed lung
to prevent any further damage to the trachea
47
why do we use bronchodilators sometimes before having an asthma attack? why?
helps to open the airways
48
theophylline
Theo-24 Methylxanthines RELAX SMOOTH MUSCLES OF THE BRONCHI. Require close monitoring of serum medication levels. (toxicity - tachycardia, nausea, and diarrhea) theophylline levels. given for respiratory.
49
albuterol
Short-acting beta2 agonists Provides RAPID RELIEF watch for tremors and tachycardia
50
lasix
loop diuretic
51
lanoxin
Digoxin. check bpm before administering. to treat heart failure, a fib, a flutter, and tachycardia. lowers HB
52
propranolol
Inderal. beta blocker manage HTN
53
singular
PO med for MAINTAINENCE.
54
augmentin
Penicillin. antibiotic. treat bacterial infection.
55
prednisone
Deltasone. Steroid | It can treat many diseases and conditions, especially those associated with inflammation.
56
myambutal
Ethambutol. Antibiotics It can treat tuberculosis (TB).
57
vecuronium
MUSCLE RELAXANT neuromuscular blocking agents facilitates ventilation and decreases o2 consumption
58
bactrim
Sulfamethoxazole | antibacterial
59
valium
diazepam. anxiety relief. Anxiolytic and sedative It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.
60
rifampin
Antibiotics | It can treat tuberculosis (TB) when used along with other medications.
61
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn sodium is an anti-inflammatory medication. It works by preventing the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Cromolyn sodium inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks in people with bronchial asthma.
62
carbenicillin
geocilin Antibiotics It can treat urinary infections caused by certain bacteria.
63
echinacea
Vitamin/mineral that supports healthy immunity.
64
mucinex
mucolytic agents help thin secretions, making it easier fro the client to expel.
65
beclomethasone
steroid
66
diphenhydramine
antihistamine (benedryl, zyrtec)
67
omalizumab
Xolair leukotriene antagonists. mast cell stabilizers. anti inflammatory agent. lowers airway inflammation can cause anaphylaxis
68
ipratropium
Atrovent Cholinergic antagonists block the parasympathetic nervous system which increases bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary recreations. Long acting and are used to prevent bronchospasms. observe for dry mouth
69
hyrdrocodone
also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine
70
codeine antitussive
supresses the brain to stop coughing. Good for night time.
71
guaifensesin
robutussin. Mucinex, helps thin secretions making it easier for the client to expel. encourage lots of fluids
72
salmeterol
severent Bronchodilator It can prevent asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchospasm. It can also treat COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
73
oxymetazoline
is used for: Relieving nasal congestion due to the common cold, hay fever, other upper respiratory tract allergies, or sinus infection. decongestant
74
desloratidine
claritin
75
methlyprednisolone
medrol Steroid It can treat inflammation, severe allergies, flares of chronic illnesses, and many other medical problems. It can also decrease some symptoms of cancer.
76
epinephrine
Blood pressure support and vasoconstrictor | It can treat severe asthma attacks and allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) in an emergency situation.

Term 3 Stanbridge (9 decks)

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